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Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) can destabilize in inflammatory environments. Sumida et al. show that β-catenin signaling perturbs Treg cell function in patients with multiple sclerosis and under experimental high-salt conditions.
LAG-3 is a co-inhibitory receptor on T cells, but its mode of action is controversial. Okazaki and colleagues demonstrate that LAG-3 preferentially binds stable MHC class II complexes and thereby selectively maintains tolerance of self-reactive T cells.
The ‘Strategies for an HIV Cure’ conference was held 27–28 April 2018 in Beijing, China, and was hosted by The People's Republic of China Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
O’Garra and colleagues describe the immune response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed through the use of transcriptomics and the value of blood transcriptional gene signatures for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Malaria remains a disease of global importance, and a fully protective vaccine is elusive. In this Focus Review, Cockburn and Seder describe how insights into the biology of malaria biology may lead to the design of an effective vaccine.
Screaton and colleagues discuss the role of the adaptive immune response against flaviviruses in protection and pathogenesis, with emphasis on cross-reactive T cell and antibody responses.
Sok and Burton highlight recent developments in the discovery and application of antibodies able to neutralize diverse isolates of HIV, known as ‘broadly neutralizing antibodies’.
Saphire and colleagues provide new insight into protective antibody-mediated responses to Ebola virus and how these responses could be harnessed for therapeutic intervention and vaccine strategies.
Deposition of fibrin in the brain and central nervous system occurs after injury or disease. This process unmasks a conserved cryptic epitope of fibrin that activates microglia; blocking this interaction can limit inflammation and neurotoxicity.
Arginine methylation is a post-translational modification that controls the abundance of γc cytokine receptor on mature T cells by a post-transcriptional mechanism.
An antibody to dengue virus that lies flat on its target, neutralizes the virus and also prevents antibody-dependent enhancement of infection is now identified.
Immunity to one serotype of dengue virus can worsen disease following exposure to another serotype, a process called ‘antibody-dependent enhancement’. Grimes and colleagues characterize the function and structural basis of an unusual, potent and broadly neutralizing antibody that lacks such activity.
The transcription factor Pax5 enforces B cell identity. Nutt, Allan and colleagues show that Pax5 is needed to establish and maintain the three-dimensional genome organization of B cells throughout their lineage development.
PRMT arginine methyltransferases mediate post-translational modification. Takayanagi and colleagues show that a lack of PRMT5 in cells of the T cell lineage compromises their response to cytokines dependent on the common γ-chain, due to aberrant splicing of mRNA transcripts encoding the common γ-chain and its associated kinase JAK3.