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Macrophages are functionally highly plastic, but the transcriptional control of this process is only partially understood. Udalova and colleagues demonstrate that the transcription factor IRF5 controls the plasticity of M1 macrophages in both mice and humans.
The cellular components of the plasma cell niche in the bone marrow have remained elusive. Berek and co-workers show that eosinophils are key providers of plasma cell survival factors in the bone marrow.
The biological role of 2′-O-methylation of host and viral mRNA has remained elusive. Thiel and co-workers show that this modification modulates the induction of type I interferon and sensitivity to interferon.
TH2 cells are important for allergic and antiparasitic responses. Sun and colleagues demonstrate highly selective expression of the ECM1 protein in TH2 cells and a key role for it in regulating migration.
The function of the chemokine CCL8 has remained unknown. Luster and colleagues show that CCL8 has high expression in allergic skin, where it recruits CCR8+ TH2 cells with abundant IL-5 expression.