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The rates of autoimmune disease are rising more rapidly than can be explained by changes in genetics. In this Focus Review, Verdu and Danska describe the dietary and microbial influences on type 1 diabetes and draw comparisons with celiac disease.
In this Focus Review, Bar-Or and colleagues discuss the latest evidence that B cells play an important antibody-independent role in multiple sclerosis and the prospects this holds for therapeutic intervention.
Tissue-resident memory T cells provide immunological protection in peripheral tissues. Amsen et al. discuss the role of these cells in the context of anti-tumor immunity.
Primary liver cancer, of which hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form, is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Heikenwalder and colleagues review the important inflammatory component underlying hepatocellular carcinoma and consider potential directions for therapy.
Turner and Díaz-Muñoz discuss the molecular mechanisms by which RNA-binding proteins modulate the diversity of the transcriptome and proteome in immune cells.
Gabrilovich and colleagues review the origin and nature of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as their distinctive features and biological roles in cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmunity, obesity and pregnancy.
Emerging viral diseases present a huge and increasingly important global threat to public health systems. Graham and Sullivan discuss the challenges presented by emerging viral diseases and discuss how innovations in technology and policy can address this threat.
Kaplan reviews the development of skin-resident Langerhans cells and their unique functional roles that distinguish these cells from other skin antigen-presenting cells.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being increasingly appreciated as important regulators of gene expression. Chang and colleagues review the roles identified for lncRNAs in the immune system and discuss models for how lncRNAs mediate their effects.
Kroemer and colleagues discuss the mechanisms through which nutrition modulates metabolic, microbial and neuroendocrine circuitries that affect cancer development and the response to treatment.
Beyaert, Karin and colleagues discuss the key molecular mechanisms that contribute to the self-limiting nature of inflammatory signaling, with emphasis on the negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Magarian Blander and colleagues review the effects of the microbiome on innate and adaptive immunological players and how microbiota-derived bioactive molecules affect inflammation and the host response to infection, vaccination and cancer.
Kastner and colleagues review monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and their molecular mechanisms and explore the overlap among autoinflammation, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency.
Autoimmunity can arise when tolerance mechanisms break down. Theofilopoulos and colleagues review how loss of peripheral tolerance, often driven by innate nucleic-acid sensors, leads to the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes that underlie many autoimmune diseases.
