Review Articles

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  • The explosion of single-cell and systems approaches in immunology risks leaving the uninitiated behind. This guide to systems immunology is designed for immunologists who want an introduction to the area.

    • Lorenzo Bonaguro
    • Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
    • Joachim L. Schultze
    Review Article
  • Boussiotis and colleagues review the hallmarks of tumor-associated macrophages and discuss the mechanisms that contribute to their pathophysiological adaptations to the tumor microenvironment.

    • Anthos Christofides
    • Laura Strauss
    • Vassiliki A. Boussiotis
    Review Article
  • The transcription factor TCF-1 has multiple roles during T cell development and in mature T cells. Gounari and Khazaie review the potential mechanisms by which TCF-1 regulates gene expression.

    • Fotini Gounari
    • Khashayarsha Khazaie
    Review Article
  • Gabrielle Belz and colleagues review the influence that innate lymphoid cells have on cancer immune responses.

    • Nicolas Jacquelot
    • Cyril Seillet
    • Gabrielle T. Belz
    Review Article
  • Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is central to both homeostatic and pathophysiological events. Kroemer et al. review the mechanisms of ICD and its role in therapy and disease.

    • Guido Kroemer
    • Claudia Galassi
    • Lorenzo Galluzzi
    Review Article
  • It is increasingly obvious that individuals are experiencing post-COVID-19 syndromes, or ‘long-haul COVID’. Here, Merad and Mehandru eview currently available knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of these sequelae, elaborating on persistent inflammation, induced autoimmunity and putative viral reservoirs.

    • Saurabh Mehandru
    • Miriam Merad
    Review Article
  • Children are generally resistant to severe disease resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but cases of pediatric COVID-19 and a new syndrome called MIS-C can occur. In this Review, the authors summarize what is known about the immunology of COVID-19 and MIS-C and how the pediatric response to SARS-CoV-2 is different from the immune response in adults.

    • Janet Chou
    • Paul G. Thomas
    • Adrienne G. Randolph
    Review Article
  • The extreme diversity of the human immune system, forged and maintained throughout evolutionary history, provides a potent defense against opportunistic pathogens. Liston and colleagues review the current state of play in the field, identify the key unknowns in the causality of immune variation and identify the multidisciplinary pathways toward an improved understanding.

    • Adrian Liston
    • Stephanie Humblet-Baron
    • An Goris
    Review Article
  • Schwartz and colleagues review the immune niches in the brain, the contribution of professional immune cells to brain functions and the relevance of immune components to brain aging and neurodegenerative disease.

    • Tommaso Croese
    • Giulia Castellani
    • Michal Schwartz
    Review Article
  • T cell receptor–independent triggering of T cells is known as bystander activation. Shin and colleagues review the mechanisms and significance of bystander activation to homeostatic antimicrobial responses and immunopathology.

    • Hoyoung Lee
    • Seongju Jeong
    • Eui-Cheol Shin
    Review Article
  • Sharpe and colleagues review salient aspects of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in cancer, chronic viral infections and autoimmunity, with a view of developing new ways to alleviate T cell exhaustion and enhance CD8+ T cell functions in cancer and chronic viral infection, as well as strategies to induce or augment exhaustion-like features to treat autoimmunity.

    • Jenna L. Collier
    • Sarah A. Weiss
    • Arlene H. Sharpe
    Review Article
  • In this Review, Mittelbrunn and Kroemer propose that ten molecular hallmarks represent the common denominators of T cell aging.

    • Maria Mittelbrunn
    • Guido Kroemer
    Review Article