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A role for Shc in T cell development was controversial. Two different genetic approaches now show Shc plays a nonredundant and essential function in pre-TCR signaling.
CD1b protein presents glycolipids of various tail lengths to T cells. The crystal structure of CD1b sheds light on its ability to accommodate these different glycolipids.
Unlike conventional T cells, “naïve” nonclassical MHC class I T cells have an effector cell phenotype. This may be a result of their distinct thymic selection program.
A May 2002 workshop in Virginia, USA, focused on dendritic cells. Kelsall and colleagues summarize here some of the outstanding questions raised at the conference.
CD4 is almost universally required for HIV to enter cells. A mutable disulfide bond of CD4, however, can influence the permissiveness of cells to HIV infection.
The resolution of an immune response was thought to coincide with the clearance of infection. However, the kinetics of CD8+ T cell decline may be programmed far before the antigen load lightens.
TSLP is now revealed to be an important regulator of DC-mediated control of TH2-based human allergic responses, identifying a potentially new species-specific function for this cytokine.
IgE-FcεRI complex formation represents a critical step in the initiation of allergic responses. Conformational changes involving the Cε2 domain may underlie the persistent activation of FcεRI-bearing cells.
Biofilms offer cover for many pathogenic bacteria. A recent paper in Nature reveals that lactoferrin is an innate tool that inhibits biofilm formation.