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DCs from different anatomical sites express distinct arrays of alternative HIV receptors. Some of these subsets could represent good gatekeepers, whereas others may be “Trojan horses” that carry HIV into the lymph node.
Apoptosis shapes T cell development and immune responses. The pro-apoptotic molecules Bax and Bak have overlapping essential functions in T cell development and homeostasis.
The complex interaction with APCs that is required for T cell activation is not well understood. A combination of experimental data and mathematical modeling provides insight into the competition between serial triggering and kinetic proofreading.
Although tetramer technology has been wildly successful for examination of MHC class I–recognizing T cells, the same hasn't been true for MHC class II reagents. A recent workshop at the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases was convened to address this.
AID burst onto the scene just a couple of years ago. For all of the progress, its actual mechanism for generating changes in DNA in B cells remains elusive.