Browse Articles

Predicting which patients will respond to checkpoint blocking therapies is a major challenge. Here the authors score the epigenetic imprinting of T cell responsiveness to type 1 interferons and use this information to predict response to anti-PD1 therapy and long-term survival of cancer patients.

Sixt and colleagues show that different fibroblast populations in the lymph node mechanically control its swelling in a multitier fashion.

Yu et al. review the roles played by follicular helper T cells in sustaining germinal center B cell responses and vaccination strategies, as well as potential pathogenic autoimmune responses.

In airway epithelial cells, exposure to allergen proteases induces the stress granules-mediated transfer of IL-33 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and extracellular release through gasdermin D pores containing a newly described active fragment.

Sun and colleagues describe that the secretion of interleukin-33 is dependent on a p40 N-terminal fragment of gasdermin D, whose generation is independent of inflammatory caspase-1 and caspase-11.

Crystal structures of the immune checkpoint protein LAG3 reveal critical binding interfaces for inhibitory antibodies and cellular ligands, such as FGL1 and MHC class II molecules. These structures provide insight into the dimeric assembly of LAG3 proteins on the surface of T cells and suggest FGL1-induced clustering as an immunomodulatory mechanism.

A single-cell sequencing study shows that the human memory B cell repertoire is dominated by large IgM, IgG2 and IgA immunoglobulin families, whereas IgG1 families, including those specific for recall antigens, are of a small size. Multi-year analysis shows that memory B cell families are highly stable and that plasmablasts of T cell–independent and T cell–dependent isotypes are produced in a recurrent manner.

Extrathymic MHCII⁺Rorc⁺ Aire-expressing cells that share characteristics with type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) internalize C. albicans and present its antigens, priming the development of Candida-specific T_H17 cells.

Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) is an important checkpoint inhibitor molecule of immunotherapeutic interest. New crystal structures of LAG3 provide important insight into its molecular architecture, laying the groundwork for future basic and applied investigations.

Abramson and colleagues show that Aire⁺MHCII⁺ ILC3s sense, internalize and present Candida albicans and modulate the induction of C. albicans-specific T_H17 cells.

LAG3 inhibits T cell activation, but exactly how it does so has been unclear given a lack of structural information. Here the authors provide the crystal structure of the human and mouse LAG3 ectodomains, showing how they interact with known ligands and antibodies.

Shi and colleagues describe a subset of erythroid precursors with immune characteristics that can be isolated from the yolk sac to the adult bone marrow stages during human ontogenesis.

Goldrath and colleagues define the diversity of gene expression and genome accessibility in mouse CD8⁺ T_RM cells in distinct tissues and identify molecules critical forgeneration of CD8⁺ T_RM cells in response to acute viral infection.

Qi et al. provide an in-depth analysis of antibody responses generated in response to SARS-CoV-2.

Lanzavecchia and colleagues use single-cell B cell receptor sequencing to examine the clonal structure, stability and dynamics of the B cell repertoire and the relationship between memory B cells and newly generated plasma cells in humans.

Instructed by locally increased levels of glucocorticoids in the skin after acute hair loss, regulatory T cells communicate with hair follicle stem cells by producing TGFβ3 to stimulate stem-cell proliferation and hair regrowth.