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In humans, intrathymic development of DCs is evident but its physiological significance is unknown. Taghon et al. show intrathymic development of DCs as hematopoietic stromal support for the early stages of human T cell development via IRF8-driven transmembrane TNF.
Tanaka and colleagues show that an SNX25–Nrf2 pathway in dermal macrophages sets the threshold for pain sensitivity through modulating the production of the neurotrophic factor NGF.
TH17 cells combat infection but can also drive pathological inflammation. A TH17 cell NLRP3–caspase-8–caspase-3–GSDME axis is now shown to release the alarmin IL-1α without triggering cell death.
Human resident memory T (TRM) cells clonally segregate in distinct tissues, with gene expression signatures tailored to those sites. Hence, beyond a shared language of residency, TRM cells may acquire local dialects to provide site-specific immunity.
Caligiuri and colleagues show that the m6A reader YTHDF2 modulates the inflammatory activation and antitumor function of tumor-associated macrophages in part by modulating the stability of Stat1 mRNA.
Colonna and colleagues report dysregulated gene expression in microglia harboring homozygous mutations of DAP12 from individuals with Nasu–Hakola disease, a form of early-onset dementia.
Reboldi and colleagues show that high-cholesterol diets influence IgA secretion. Cholesterol-derived metabolites act on plasma cell GPR183 receptors to alter cell positioning of IgA+ plasma cells within the lamina propria and suppress antibody responses to intestinal pathogens.
Farber and colleagues examine the phenotypic, transcriptomic, clonal, and functional differences between tissue-resident T cells in various barrier tissue sites relative to T cells in lymphoid organs and circulation in humans.
Exhausted effector T cells accumulate in tumors and are the intended targets of cancer immunotherapy. New data suggest that upon infiltration and subsequent exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment, these T cells can take on an immunosuppressive function — and work against the immune response to cancer.
Starting on 19 September 2022, the very first ImmunOctoberfest conference took place in Raitenhaslach, Germany, bringing together scientists from all over the world to discuss ‘bridging innovation and translation in T cell immunotherapy’.
A specialized subset of iNKT cells populates the skin in early life, where their supply of transferrin regulates iron metabolism to promote hair follicle development.
The formation of an immunological synapse is central to the ability of NK cells to lyse target cells. Here the authors show that Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) might be a good target for cancer immunotherapy as it destabilizes the NK synapse, resulting in defective killing of tumor cells.
