Glass and colleagues show that the transcription factor SALL1-associated super-enhancer is exclusively activated in microglia, in part through SMAD4-mediated signaling, and that SALL1 subsequently enforces microglia-specific functions of SMAD4.

Greter and colleagues identify a population of CD11c⁺F4/80⁺CD64⁺MHCII⁺CX3CR1⁺ macrophages in the mouse mammary gland that is induced by lactation and resembles several subsets of macrophages detected in human milk.

Here, the authors use computational screening and a chemogenetic analysis of transgenic mice to show that Gα_s-coupled G-protein-coupled receptors on exhausted CD8⁺ T cells are involved in suppression of effector functions and inhibition of the protective effects of immune checkpoint immunotherapy.

Kaplonek et al. provide a prospective look at ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-vaccinated individuals who go on to experience breakthrough COVID infections. They report an antibody Fc profile characterized by higher FcgR2b and reduced Fcgr3b for individuals who are more susceptible to breakthrough infections.

Greter and colleagues identify a population of CD11c⁺F4/80⁺CD64⁺MHCII⁺CX3CR1⁺ macrophages in the mouse mammary gland that is induced by lactation and resembles several subsets of macrophages detected in human milk.

Glass and colleagues show that the transcription factor SALL1-associated super-enhancer is exclusively activated in microglia, in part through SMAD4-mediated signaling, and that SALL1 subsequently enforces microglia-specific functions of SMAD4.

Kaplonek et al. provide a prospective look at ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-vaccinated individuals who go on to experience breakthrough COVID infections. They report an antibody Fc profile characterized by higher FcgR2b and reduced Fcgr3b for individuals who are more susceptible to breakthrough infections.

Here, the authors use computational screening and a chemogenetic analysis of transgenic mice to show that Gα_s-coupled G-protein-coupled receptors on exhausted CD8⁺ T cells are involved in suppression of effector functions and inhibition of the protective effects of immune checkpoint immunotherapy.

Akassoglou and colleagues provide a single-cell RNA sequencing and phosphoprotein analysis of the responses of central nervous system microglia and macrophages to blood proteins including activated complement and fibrin. Their findings point to potential therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals.

Smith et al. present a resource detailing drivers of transcriptional heterogeneity of synovial fibroblasts cell states in the inflamed joints of human patients with rheumatoid arthritis.