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Widespread, temporary wetlands in the American Midwest were likely a major cause of methane emission peaks during the last deglaciation, according to an analysis of regional pollen records combined with hydrological modelling.
Atmospheric Walker circulation results in a two-way interaction between decadal-scale sea surface temperature variability in the Atlantic and Pacific, according to pacemaker climate modelling experiments.
Carbon dioxide emissions from permafrost thaw are substantially enhanced by relieving microbial functional limitations, according to incubation experiments on Yedoma permafrost.
Ocean temperature and atmospheric oxygen concentration are key factors in the long-term efficiency of the marine biological carbon pump, according to a mechanistic model of carbon transfer from surface waters to the deep ocean interior.
The coupling of anaerobic oxidation of methane and arsenate reduction is an important pathway of releasing arsenic from soils, according to incubation experiments of arsenate-contaminated wetland soils.
Increases in atmospheric CO2 can be dampened but also accelerated by the net impact on terrestrial carbon cycling of combined changes in temperature, rainfall, CO2 and nitrogen, according to an eight-year grassland experiment in the United States.
Atmospheric circulation shifts during the Little Ice Age led to greater typhoon generation in the tropical North Pacific according to a comparison of sediment proxy records of past storm activity and outputs of general circulation models.
Interacting atmospheric circulation patterns are responsible for a recent reversal of a decades-long decline in deepwater formation on the Antarctic shelf, according to an analysis of in situ and remote sensing data from the Ross Sea.
Two seismic discontinuities in the mantle transition zone beneath the western Pacific represent subducted slab interfaces that could be the slab Moho and partially molten sub-slab asthenosphere, according to an analysis of seismic data.
Long fault ruptures that have both strike-slip and dip-slip components can propagate at a wide range of speeds, including those theoretically predicted to be unstable, according to numerical simulations.
Simulations suggest a shift to a high sensitivity of Earth’s climate to increasing CO2 can be attributed to the decline in the ice content in clouds as the climate warms.
Observational evidence of cyanobacterial activity in the Antarctic Ocean suggests that nitrogen fixation could be a ubiquitous process in the global ocean.
Intensive irrigation in India cools the land surface, but increases the moist heat stress in South Asia, according to an analysis of observational datasets and meteorological models.
The reduced Equator-to-pole temperature gradient during the Eocene greenhouse climate was maintained by elevated atmospheric humidity, according to temperature and precipitation isotope estimates from terrestrial siderite clumped isotopes.
The end-Permian mass extinction was linked with ocean acidification due to carbon degassing associated with Siberian Trap emplacement, according to boron isotopes from fossil shells and reconstruction of the carbon cycle.
Intermediate-depth waters in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were well equilibrated with the atmosphere through the last deglaciation, according to radiocarbon data from deep-sea corals.
A link between post-thickening lithospheric extension and the differentiation of continental crust is implied by granulite conditions beneath the Rio Grande Rift, inferred from analysis of lower-crustal xenoliths and thermobarometric modelling.
A global carbon cycle perturbation during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 was probably due to elevated oxygen levels leading to a transient increase in wildfire activity, according to a record of plant biomarkers tracking fire frequency in western North America.