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A mid-Holocene expansion of coastal sea ice led to phytoplankton blooms’ becoming less frequent off East Antarctica, according to a suite of annually resolved physical and geochemical analyses performed on a marine sediment core.

Coastal west Greenland ice caps fluctuated strongly compared to the interior in response to rapid Common Era changes in snow accumulation, according to modelling of proxy records developed from a Nuussuaq Peninsula ice core covering the last 2,000 years.

Cover letters are a ubiquitous but hidden part of the publication process. We share our thoughts on the effective and efficient crafting of these letters and their role in our editorial decision-making.

The Philippine Sea/Pacific boundary megathrust is another possible source of seismic hazard in the Tokyo Region and tsunamis in the Pacific, according to an assessment of 1,000 years of tsunami deposits along the Japanese coastline.

The release of carbon dioxide during oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks acts as a positive feedback to warming, according to 2.5 years of CO₂ flux measurements from the Draix-Bléone Critical Zone Observatory, France.

Cold ENSO states can lead to the simultaneous occurrence of megadroughts in southwestern North and South America, according to a hydroclimate reconstruction of the last thousand years assimilating palaeoclimate records with climate model constraints.

Social scientists and geoscientists must work together to critically evaluate and develop feasible visions for a sustainable future. Is a clean-energy economy more viable than a degrowth future?

An ~5 km³ volcanic edifice offshore Mayotte formed between May 2018 and May 2019 by rapid magma intrusion through the entire lithosphere, according to an analysis of marine observations and geophysical data.

The zonal wave 3 circulation pattern in the Southern Hemisphere is driven by tropical convection, according to results from an atmospheric general circulation model.

Antarctic ozone-hole recovery has caused significant changes in Southern Hemisphere stratospheric circulation, according to atmospheric reanalysis and global climate modelling.

Earth’s surface temperature is stabilized by the drawdown of CO₂ owing to weathering of continental arcs, whose length is shown to be a primary control on global weathering fluxes, according to a probabilistic analysis of interdependencies.

Central European multidecadal climate variability was subdued during cold stadials through the last glacial cycle due to atmospheric and oceanic circulation shifts, according to almost annual-resolution terrestrial climate proxy records from varved maar lakes in Germany.

Argo measurements provide a constrained estimate of net primary productivity of the global ocean of 53 Pg C y^–1, according to a global analysis of diel oxygen variations.

Stratification of the central Arctic Ocean, important for sea-ice persistence, has been controlled by a balance of sea level and freshwater inputs since the last ice age, according to foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotope records that are indicative of surface-water nutrient levels covering the past 35,000 years.

An update to our policy on reporting requirements for geological and palaeontological materials aims to tackle ethical issues surrounding the collection, traceability and archiving of field samples.

Enabling public sharing of scientific data in China not only needs top-down mandates but also incentive mechanisms that boost confidence and willingness to engage in data-sharing practices among Chinese researchers.

Sea spray droplets contribute to the exchange of gases between the oceans and atmosphere. Accounting for this spray-mediated pathway may provide more accurate modelling of air–sea interactions and the ocean response to climate change.