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One type of ocean acidification extreme event, as well as marine heatwaves, can be confidently predicted up to 1 year in advance, according to forecasts stemming from an Earth system model ensemble.
Freshwater being released from the Beaufort Gyre is accumulating in an Arctic Ocean buffer zone before it can reach the North Atlantic, according to an analysis of satellite observation and modelling.
Soil surface temperatures constrain the low-elevation extent of forests in the western United States through their direct effects on seedling mortality, according to analyses of the relationship between post-fire tree recruitment and soil surface temperature across this region.
Fresh meltwater entering the Labrador and Irminger seas has resulted in a slowing of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation since the 1950s, according to a combination of modelling approaches.
A quantitative assessment suggests that the reductions in aerosol and ozone levels from 2014 to 2020 due to the clean air action in China led to a substantial increase in the national net primary productivity due to the weakened aerosol climatic effects, alleviated ozone vegetation damage and enhanced light availability.
Elevated atmospheric CO2 during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum coincided with substantial declines in the pH and carbonate saturation state of the ocean.
Humans have caused 1.49 °C of warming compared with a pre-1700 baseline, a global estimate based on the linear relationship between atmospheric CO2 and temperature.
Rainfall induces nanoparticle bursts within the Amazon rainforest canopy by scavenging large particles and bringing down ozone-rich air, according to aerosol, trace gas and meteorology data from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory.
Atmospheric CO2 enrichment inhibits the growth and activity of autotrophic nitrifiers through aggravation of anoxic stress in a nitrogen-rich paddy soil, according to a long-term free-air CO2 enrichment experiment. This CO2-induced inhibition effect on nitrifiers might contribute to the decline of inorganic nitrogen pools in lowland soil systems.
Gold has both economic and cultural significance to human societies but, as Liang Zhang and David Groves explain, we owe its presence in the Earth’s crust to repeating cycles of plate tectonics.
Planting trees in high-latitude regions can be counterproductive to climate change mitigation, according to a synthesis of the biophysical and ecological impacts of planting trees.
Fire affects the hydrological interactions between soil and vegetation, leading to faster soil moisture loss and accelerated vegetation water uptake, according to a global analysis of satellite observations on soil moisture, vegetation water content and burned area.
Field measurements and computer simulations show how fishing methods that drag weighted nets along the seabed counteract the seafloor sediments’ role as a carbon sink. The effect is ambiguous in weakly trawled areas but becomes clear in intensely trawled grounds.
The growth and function of autotrophic nitrifiers are suppressed under elevated CO2 due to the intensification of anoxic stress, according to a long-term free-air CO2 enrichment experiment in nitrogen-rich paddy soil.
Laramide flat-slab subduction releases fluids into the overlying crust that mediate water-fluxed melting of precursor arc lower crust, ultimately forming porphyry copper deposits, according to a geochronology and thermobarometry study.
Quantitative bibliometric analysis of articles published in Nature Index journals over the past two decades reveals that there is less international collaboration in geoscience than in other natural science disciplines.
A slower Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during Heinrich Stadial 1 led to the spread of seasonal tropical vegetation in northern Amazonia, a pattern that may repeat in a warming climate, according to proxy records combined with modelling.
By incorporating remote sensing and modelling evidence, we show that China’s growing biomass carbon stock over the past two decades has been dominated by the expansion and conservation of woody areas. Approximately half of the biomass carbon sinks were attributed to direct management effects with substantial contributions from national ecological restoration projects.
