Centennial-scale releases of atmospheric CO₂ occurred during periods of high obliquity over the past 500,000, suggesting a link between external forcing and atmospheric CO₂ variations, according to a record from an Antarctic ice core.

Nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs within North Atlantic eddies, especially near the edges of the mesoscale structures, is a key component of the North Atlantic marine nitrogen cycle, according to an analysis of genetic and past eddy activity data.

The amount of water transported southwards by the Deep Western Boundary Current shows a 26% decline since 2014 in mooring array monitoring data, despite the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation remaining stable.

Banded iron formation deposition by photoferrotrophic organisms in the early Earth’s oceans may have been inhibited by competition for iron and toxicity from nitrate-reducing microorganisms, according to a microbial incubation and numerical modelling study.

Emerging weather patterns over recent decades are exacerbating extreme precipitation and heatwaves in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, according to a computation of trends in reanalysis data.

Analyses of satellite observations from 1986 to 2021 suggest that the Antarctic Peninsula is greening at an accelerated rate.

Artificial intelligence is increasingly enabling geoscience research. Ensuring community trust in its outcomes requires education and transparency.

Olivine is stable and abundant in the Earth’s upper mantle, and its transformations may drive large earthquakes deeper in the mantle, as Tomohiro Ohuchi explains.

Nature Geoscience spoke with Dr Mariana Clare, a machine learning scientist at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; Prof. Haifeng Qian, an environmental scientist at Zhejiang University of Technology; and Dr Theresa Sawi, a seismologist at the US Geological Survey, about using artificial intelligence (AI) in their research and in geoscience generally.

Artificial intelligence is rapidly being integrated into Earth science, but how Earth science may benefit artificial intelligence has been overlooked. We call for mutual balancing between the two disciplines and improving cross-disciplinary collaboration.

Clinopyroxene offers clues about the inner workings of volcanic systems, as Teresa Ubide explains. Its ability to track where and when magma is stored may also help forecast eruptions.