CRISPR editing of all 28 alleles encoding histones H3.1, H3.2 and H3.3 in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) generates pan-H3K27R mutant mESCs, which are transcriptionally similar to PRC2-null mESCs. H3K27 acetylation is dispensable for gene derepression in mESCs and for gene activation in epiblast-like cells.

To leverage the genetic diversity in Nigeria, we established the Non-Communicable Diseases Genetic Heritage Study (NCD-GHS) consortium to help produce a comprehensive catalog of human genetic variation in Nigeria and assess the burden and etiological characteristics of non-communicable diseases in 100,000 adults in Nigeria.

Exome sequencing analysis of 13,933 individuals with bipolar disorder finds enrichment of ultra-rare protein-truncating variants in constrained genes. Combined analysis with schizophrenia exome data identifies AKAP11 as a risk gene for both disorders.

Calls for diversity in genomics have motivated new global research collaborations across institutions with highly imbalanced resources. We describe practical lessons we have learned so far from designing multidisciplinary international research and capacity-building programs that prioritize equity in two intertwined programs — the NeuroGAP-Psychosis research study and GINGER training program — spanning institutions in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda and the United States.

The cattle Genotype–Tissue Expression atlas of expression and splicing QTLs is generated from 7,180 uniformly re-processed RNA-seq samples. Integration with GWAS identifies candidate genes and variants associated with economically important traits.

Sequencing of human induced pluripotent stem cell lines highlights pervasive mutagenesis, heterogeneity between clones derived from the same individual during a single reprogramming experiment and positive selection for acquired mutations in BCOR.

HIC2 regulates the fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch. It inactivates an enhancer of the BCL11A gene, a fetal globin repressor, by reducing chromatin accessibility and displacing the transcription factor GATA1.

Pan-cancer single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling identifies recurrent gene modules that underlie a continuum of cancer cell states. Tumor microenvironment influences the occurrence of these states.

Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of human microglia identifies putative gene regulatory mechanisms for 21 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk loci. SPI1/PU.1 is nominated as a key regulator of microglia gene expression and AD risk.

A genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia identifies genetic drivers and molecular subtypes associated with clinical outcomes.

Many large research initiatives have cumulatively enrolled thousands of patients with a range of complex medical issues but no clear genetic etiology. However, it is unclear how researchers, institutions and funders should manage the data and relationships with those participants who remain undiagnosed when these studies end. In this Comment, we outline the current literature relevant to post-study obligations in clinical genomics research and discuss the application of current guidelines to research with undiagnosed participants.

In this issue of Nature Genetics, we celebrate the legacy of Gregor Mendel, who was born 200 years ago. We also note the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics. The convergence of these two milestones helps us to look back on how far the genetics field has come, and also to look to the future to see where we are heading.