Volume 23 Issue 8, August 2020

Mechanistic basis of working memory

The cover illustrates how the brain's previous experiences leave traces (represented by colored footsteps) that interfere with current memory representations.

See Barbosa et al.

Image credit: Pedro Podre. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence

Editorial

Editorial | 26 June 2020

Widening the scope of diversity

An overlooked bias in research practices and current global events call for a broader approach to addressing issues of diversity.

News & Views

News & Views | 26 June 2020

Acknowledging female voices

Citation count has become one of the most important methods to evaluate a scientist’s contributions. In an extensive analysis of citations from a number of leading neuroscience journals, Dworkin and colleagues find evidence of gender bias in citation practices that can have an adverse impact on women’s careers.
- Adrienne L. Fairhall
- & Eve Marder
News & Views | 30 June 2020

Extra neural ensemble disrupts memory recall

Poll and colleagues examined the historical activity of hippocampal CA1 neurons during learning and memory recall using longitudinal two-photon in vivo imaging, providing evidence that extra neural ensemble activity disrupts memory recall in a mouse model of early Alzheimer’s disease.
- Ryang Kim
- , Naoki Yamamoto
- & Takashi Kitamura

Review Articles

Review Article | 15 June 2020

Dynamic representations in networked neural systems

Recent studies separately address the neural representation of stimuli and its dynamics in networks that model neural interactions. Ju and Bassett review such recent advances and discuss the integration of neural representations and network models.
- Harang Ju
- & Danielle S. Bassett

Articles

Article | 19 June 2020

The extent and drivers of gender imbalance in neuroscience reference lists

Using data from top neuroscience journals, this study finds that women-led work tends to be undercited relative to expectations. This imbalance is driven largely by the citation practices of men and is increasing over time as the field diversifies.
- Jordan D. Dworkin
- , Kristin A. Linn
- & Danielle S. Bassett
Article | 08 June 2020

Alzheimer’s-associated PLCγ2 is a signaling node required for both TREM2 function and the inflammatory response in human microglia

Andreone, Przybyla et al. used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human microglia to show that TREM2-dependent phagocytosis and lipid metabolism require the Alzheimer’s risk factor PLCγ2, which can also mediate TREM2-independent inflammatory signaling via Toll-like receptors.
- Benjamin J. Andreone
- , Laralynne Przybyla
- & Joseph W. Lewcock
Article | 20 July 2020

AHR is a Zika virus host factor and a candidate target for antiviral therapy

Giovannoni et al. report that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a novel host factor exploited by Zika virus and dengue virus to evade the immune response. AHR is a candidate target for the treatment of Zika virus congenital syndrome and dengue fever.
- Federico Giovannoni
- , Irene Bosch
- & Francisco J. Quintana
Article | 08 June 2020

Memory trace interference impairs recall in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Mice with AD-like pathology and memory impairments surprisingly have memory engrams in their hippocampus. However, interference with novelty-like cells prevents proper recall, erroneously letting mice perceive a previously learned context as novel.
- Stefanie Poll
- , Manuel Mittag
- & Martin Fuhrmann
Article | 22 June 2020

Multiple convergent hypothalamus–brainstem circuits drive defensive behavior

Lovett-Barron et al. register in situ gene expression to cellular-level neural dynamics in behaving zebrafish and find threat-selective populations spanning multiple hypothalamic peptidergic neuron classes, which converge on brainstem defensive action premotor neurons.
- Matthew Lovett-Barron
- , Ritchie Chen
- & Karl Deisseroth
Article | 15 June 2020

Anatomic resolution of neurotransmitter-specific projections to the VTA reveals diversity of GABAergic inputs

Soden et al. use cell-type-specific retrograde tracing to identify neurotransmitter-specific inputs to the ventral tegmental area, uncovering an underappreciated number of GABAergic inputs with diverse innervation patterns and behavioral functions.
- Marta E. Soden
- , Amanda S. Chung
- & Larry S. Zweifel
Article | 08 June 2020

Cortical reactivations of recent sensory experiences predict bidirectional network changes during learning

Cellular imaging reveals that visual cue-evoked activity patterns in visual association cortex are reactivated during subsequent quiet waking. Reactivation rates scale with cue salience and predict next-day changes in functional connectivity and behavior.
- Arthur U. Sugden
- , Jeffrey D. Zaremba
- & Mark L. Andermann
Article | 22 June 2020

Distinct synchronization, cortical coupling and behavioral function of two basal forebrain cholinergic neuron types

Laszlovszky et al. demonstrate the presence of two types of cholinergic neurons that differ in cellular physiology, coupling with cortical oscillations, synchrony within each group, behavior performance correlates and anatomical distribution.
- Tamás Laszlovszky
- , Dániel Schlingloff
- & Balázs Hangya
Article | 15 June 2020

Flexible coding of object motion in multiple reference frames by parietal cortex neurons

Sasaki et al. demonstrate that neurons in the macaque parietal cortex (ventral intraparietal area) flexibly represent object motion in either a head-centered or world-centered reference frame depending on the requirements of the task.
- Ryo Sasaki
- , Akiyuki Anzai
- & Gregory C. DeAngelis
Article | 22 June 2020

Interplay between persistent activity and activity-silent dynamics in the prefrontal cortex underlies serial biases in working memory

Barbosa, Stein et al. show that rather than operating independently, PFC persistent activity and ‘activity-silent’ mechanisms interact dynamically to produce serial effects in working memory, consistent with attractor models with synaptic plasticity.
- Joao Barbosa
- , Heike Stein
- & Albert Compte
Article | 08 June 2020

Episodic memory retrieval success is associated with rapid replay of episode content

Wimmer et al. show that successful recall of an extended episode of experience in humans is associated with temporally compressed replay of neural patterns associated with the memory, and that the direction of replay depends on task goals.
- G. Elliott Wimmer
- , Yunzhe Liu
- & Raymond J. Dolan

Amendments & Corrections

Publisher Correction | 23 June 2020

Publisher Correction: Shared proteomic effects of cerebral atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease on the human brain
- Aliza P. Wingo
- , Wen Fan
- & Thomas S. Wingo
Publisher Correction | 26 June 2020

Publisher Correction: Dynamic regulation of Z-DNA in the mouse prefrontal cortex by the RNA-editing enzyme Adar1 is required for fear extinction
- Paul R. Marshall
- , Qiongyi Zhao
- & Timothy W. Bredy

Volume 23 Issue 8, August 2020

Mechanistic basis of working memory

Editorial

Widening the scope of diversity

News & Views

Acknowledging female voices

Extra neural ensemble disrupts memory recall

Review Articles

Dynamic representations in networked neural systems

Articles

The extent and drivers of gender imbalance in neuroscience reference lists

Alzheimer’s-associated PLCγ2 is a signaling node required for both TREM2 function and the inflammatory response in human microglia

AHR is a Zika virus host factor and a candidate target for antiviral therapy

Memory trace interference impairs recall in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Multiple convergent hypothalamus–brainstem circuits drive defensive behavior

Anatomic resolution of neurotransmitter-specific projections to the VTA reveals diversity of GABAergic inputs

Cortical reactivations of recent sensory experiences predict bidirectional network changes during learning

Distinct synchronization, cortical coupling and behavioral function of two basal forebrain cholinergic neuron types

Flexible coding of object motion in multiple reference frames by parietal cortex neurons

Interplay between persistent activity and activity-silent dynamics in the prefrontal cortex underlies serial biases in working memory

Episodic memory retrieval success is associated with rapid replay of episode content

Amendments & Corrections

Publisher Correction: Shared proteomic effects of cerebral atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease on the human brain

Publisher Correction: Dynamic regulation of Z-DNA in the mouse prefrontal cortex by the RNA-editing enzyme Adar1 is required for fear extinction

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Volume 23 Issue 8, August 2020

Mechanistic basis of working memory

Editorial

News & Views

Review Articles

Articles

Amendments & Corrections

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