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Human stem cell-derived microglia integrate into mouse brain, displaying transcriptome signatures of microglia directly isolated from human brain and providing a chimeric model to study human-specific aspects of Alzheimer’s disease and other brain diseases.
An event-based machine learning model developed to detect fluorescent astrocytic activity and neurotransmitter dynamics enables new and accurate approaches to quantifying physiology in brain slices and in vivo.
Fecher et al. devise an approach to isolate cell-type-specific mitochondria from the mouse CNS. They demonstrate proteomic diversity of cerebellar mitochondria covering bioenergetics, calcium handling and organelle contact sites.
A peroxidase-based labeling method allows simultaneous visualization of multiple cell types using electron microscopy without the need for spectral separation, enabling identification of synapses between genetically defined neuronal populations.
A modified brain-organoid culture generates extensive axon outgrowth with specific tract-like patterns. Organoid tracts connect neurons across distant sites and can innervate and stimulate co-cultured mouse spinal cord tissue to elicit muscle contractions.
The authors generate 3D brain organoids containing oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells. These human oligodendrocytes are transcriptionally similar to primary cells and mature to myelinate axons.
Inhibitory interneurons shape neuronal activity of cortical principal neurons. Yetman et al. developed a genetic strategy to elucidate the organization of inhibitory neuron subtypes sending inputs to principal neurons.