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This Review discusses evidence from human studies and mouse models that cortical interneurons are involved in the pathophysiology of autism and that parvalbumin cell hypofunction may be a primary driver of circuit dysfunction in autism.
Myelin is traditionally perceived as inert and immutable, but this notion is now being challenged. de Faria et al. discuss how myelin changes throughout life and in response to experience, and consider the functional implications of these changes.
Multiphoton holographic optogenetics is opening the era of ‘tailored’ optogenetics. The authors review the underlying technology and discuss how it can be used to bridge the gap between experimental and theoretical neuroscience.
Schaeffer and Iadecola review the anatomical, molecular and functional heterogeneity of the neurovasculature and highlight the coordinated interaction of factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the brain in its dynamic regulation and role in disease.
Decision-making often involves temporally extended planning and information search. This Review discusses recent theoretical frameworks that have been used to study such naturalistic decision-making and its neural basis.
Drawing from advances in mathematics and related fields, we show that biophysical models of large-scale neural dynamics can help to bridge the gap between neuromodulation at the cellular scale and mesoscale systems dynamics at the whole-brain level.
Gene-based therapies offer the promise of long-lasting clinical benefit for both genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative diseases. Sun and Roy highlight recent successes and caveats, offering a prospective glimpse into this rapidly emerging arena.
RNA localization is a defining and intricately regulated feature of neuronal physiology. Fernandopulle et al. review how altered RNA transport and local translation might inform understanding of neuronal disease.
