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The slow (<1 Hz) rhythm, the most substantial EEG signature of non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is generally viewed as originating exclusively from neocortical networks. The authors propose that this oscillation requires the interaction of a cortical oscillator and two thalamic ones.
As language is unique to humans, it is usually thought that work in other animals has made limited contributions to understanding it. Authors here review work on species-specific vocalizations in nonhuman primates to arrive at a new model for how human speech is processed.
This review describes how the genetic causes of the many forms of human deafness have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of auditory transduction. In combination with mouse models, these genetic studies have elucidated the mechanisms behind the formation and functioning of the hair bundle as a mechanical transducer.
This review summarizes recent work in auditory brainstem nuclei to demonstrate that developing brain stem circuits are subject to experience-dependent synaptic refinement. This is in contrast to the traditional view, which interprets the early development of brain stem tonotopy as indicative of a 'hard-wired' mechanism.
Recent work suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress in myelinating cells is important in the pathogenesis of various disorders of myelin, including multiple sclerosis. In this review, Lin and Popko review our current understanding of the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in myelinating cells.
