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News & Views |
Natural killers of cognition
One of the mechanisms driving aging and neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of senescent cells, while their elimination mitigates age-related decline. A new report details how, with aging, changes in the dentate gyrus microenvironment lead to natural-killer-cell-mediated clearance of neurogenic senescent cells, resulting in cognitive decline.
- Nurit Papismadov
- & Valery Krizhanovsky
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Article |
Neuroblast senescence in the aged brain augments natural kill cell cytotoxicity leading to impaired neurogenesis and cognition
Jin et al. discover the accumulation of natural killer (NK) cells in the aged brains of humans and mice. Neuroblast senescence in the dentate gyrus augments NK cell cytotoxicity that impairs neurogenesis and cognition during normal brain aging.
- Wei-Na Jin
- , Kaibin Shi
- , Wenyan He
- , Jun-Hong Sun
- , Luc Van Kaer
- , Fu-Dong Shi
- & Qiang Liu
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Article |
Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19
The authors demonstrate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx and brain, suggesting that the virus is present in the CNS and may enter through the olfactory mucosa, exploiting the close vicinity of olfactory mucosal, endothelial and nervous tissue.
- Jenny Meinhardt
- , Josefine Radke
- , Carsten Dittmayer
- , Jonas Franz
- , Carolina Thomas
- , Ronja Mothes
- , Michael Laue
- , Julia Schneider
- , Sebastian Brünink
- , Selina Greuel
- , Malte Lehmann
- , Olga Hassan
- , Tom Aschman
- , Elisa Schumann
- , Robert Lorenz Chua
- , Christian Conrad
- , Roland Eils
- , Werner Stenzel
- , Marc Windgassen
- , Larissa Rößler
- , Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- , Hans R. Gelderblom
- , Hubert Martin
- , Andreas Nitsche
- , Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer
- , Samy Hakroush
- , Martin S. Winkler
- , Björn Tampe
- , Franziska Scheibe
- , Péter Körtvélyessy
- , Dirk Reinhold
- , Britta Siegmund
- , Anja A. Kühl
- , Sefer Elezkurtaj
- , David Horst
- , Lars Oesterhelweg
- , Michael Tsokos
- , Barbara Ingold-Heppner
- , Christine Stadelmann
- , Christian Drosten
- , Victor Max Corman
- , Helena Radbruch
- & Frank L. Heppner
-
Editorial |
Focus on neuroscience methods
In this special issue, we present a series of reviews, perspectives and commentaries that highlight advances in methods and analytical approaches and provide guidelines and best practices in various areas of neuroscience.
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Article |
Acute social isolation evokes midbrain craving responses similar to hunger
When people are isolated, they crave social interactions. Midbrain craving regions were activated by food in hungry people, and by social interactions in people mandated to be isolated.
- Livia Tomova
- , Kimberly L. Wang
- , Todd Thompson
- , Gillian A. Matthews
- , Atsushi Takahashi
- , Kay M. Tye
- & Rebecca Saxe
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Article |
An offset ON–OFF receptive field is created by gap junctions between distinct types of retinal ganglion cells
Cooler and Schwartz describe a retinal ganglion cell type with receptive field properties generated by asymmetric morphology and an electrical connection, via gap junctions, to a different type of retinal ganglion cell.
- Sam Cooler
- & Gregory W. Schwartz
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Article |
Auditory activity is diverse and widespread throughout the central brain of Drosophila
Pacheco et al. present new methods for the unbiased recording and cataloging of sensory activity throughout the Drosophila brain and across trials and individuals. They find auditory activity is temporally diverse but present in neurons throughout nearly all central brain regions.
- Diego A. Pacheco
- , Stephan Y. Thiberge
- , Eftychios Pnevmatikakis
- & Mala Murthy
-
Article |
Neuronal correlates of strategic cooperation in monkeys
Ong et al. analyzed behavior, gaze patterns and neuronal activity of monkeys playing the game ‘chicken’. Monkeys seemed to develop models of the behavior of the partner, and neurons in the mSTS and the ACCg signaled strategic information to guide their decisions.
- Wei Song Ong
- , Seth Madlon-Kay
- & Michael L. Platt
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Technical Report |
Parameterizing neural power spectra into periodic and aperiodic components
A method for parameterizing electrophysiological neural power spectra into periodic and aperiodic components is introduced, addressing limitations of common approaches. The method is validated in simulation and demonstrated on real data applications.
- Thomas Donoghue
- , Matar Haller
- , Erik J. Peterson
- , Paroma Varma
- , Priyadarshini Sebastian
- , Richard Gao
- , Torben Noto
- , Antonio H. Lara
- , Joni D. Wallis
- , Robert T. Knight
- , Avgusta Shestyuk
- & Bradley Voytek
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Author Correction |
Author Correction: Repopulated microglia are solely derived from the proliferation of residual microglia after acute depletion
- Yubin Huang
- , Zhen Xu
- , Shanshan Xiong
- , Fangfang Sun
- , Guangrong Qin
- , Guanglei Hu
- , Jingjing Wang
- , Lei Zhao
- , Yu-Xiang Liang
- , Tianzhun Wu
- , Zhonghua Lu
- , Mark S. Humayun
- , Kwok-Fai So
- , Yihang Pan
- , Ningning Li
- , Ti-Fei Yuan
- , Yanxia Rao
- & Bo Peng
-
Article |
Severe reactive astrocytes precipitate pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease via H2O2− production
Chun et al. find that a severe model of reactive astrocytes overproduces hydrogen peroxide, leading to the development of Alzheimer’s disease-like pathologies, including neurodegeneration, tauopathy and memory impairment.
- Heejung Chun
- , Hyeonjoo Im
- , You Jung Kang
- , Yunha Kim
- , Jin Hee Shin
- , Woojin Won
- , Jiwoon Lim
- , Yeonha Ju
- , Yongmin Mason Park
- , Sunpil Kim
- , Seung Eun Lee
- , Jaekwang Lee
- , Junsung Woo
- , Yujin Hwang
- , Hyesun Cho
- , Seonmi Jo
- , Jong-Hyun Park
- , Daesoo Kim
- , Doo Yeon Kim
- , Jeong-Sun Seo
- , Byoung Joo Gwag
- , Young Soo Kim
- , Ki Duk Park
- , Bong-Kiun Kaang
- , Hansang Cho
- , Hoon Ryu
- & C. Justin Lee
-
Review Article |
Massively parallel techniques for cataloguing the regulome of the human brain
This Review discusses two high-throughput techniques—massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) and CRISPR screens—focusing on their potential to validate non-coding genetic risk variants in human stem cell models of complex brain disorders.
- Kayla G. Townsley
- , Kristen J. Brennand
- & Laura M. Huckins
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Review Article |
Recent advances in neurotechnologies with broad potential for neuroscience research
This review summarizes advances in electrical, optical and microfluidic neural interfaces with characteristics that suggest near-term potential for broad deployment to the neuroscience community.
- Abraham Vázquez-Guardado
- , Yiyuan Yang
- , Amay J. Bandodkar
- & John A. Rogers
-
Article |
Acute targeting of pre-amyloid seeds in transgenic mice reduces Alzheimer-like pathology later in life
Uhlmann et al. show that the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease may in fact be a relatively late manifestation of a much earlier pathogenic and targetable process of seed formation and propagation.
- Ruth E. Uhlmann
- , Christine Rother
- , Jay Rasmussen
- , Juliane Schelle
- , Carina Bergmann
- , Emily M. Ullrich Gavilanes
- , Sarah K. Fritschi
- , Anika Buehler
- , Frank Baumann
- , Angelos Skodras
- , Rawaa Al-Shaana
- , Natalie Beschorner
- , Lan Ye
- , Stephan A. Kaeser
- , Ulrike Obermüller
- , Søren Christensen
- , Fredrik Kartberg
- , Jeffrey B. Stavenhagen
- , Jens-Ulrich Rahfeld
- , Holger Cynis
- , Fang Qian
- , Paul H. Weinreb
- , Thierry Bussiere
- , Lary C. Walker
- , Matthias Staufenbiel
- & Mathias Jucker
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Publisher Correction |
Publisher Correction: Schwann cell energy to die for
- Amelia Trimarco
- & Carla Taveggia
-
Article |
Tau accumulation in astrocytes of the dentate gyrus induces neuronal dysfunction and memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease is often considered a disease of neurons. This study reveals that astrocytes are also impaired by the disease and that these cells contribute more to memory deterioration than previously thought.
- Kevin Richetin
- , Pascal Steullet
- , Mathieu Pachoud
- , Romain Perbet
- , Enea Parietti
- , Mathischan Maheswaran
- , Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- , Séverine Bégard
- , Catherine Pythoud
- , Maria Rey
- , Raphaëlle Caillierez
- , Kim Q Do
- , Sophie Halliez
- , Paola Bezzi
- , Luc Buée
- , Geneviève Leuba
- , Morvane Colin
- , Nicolas Toni
- & Nicole Déglon
-
Technical Report |
Modeling behaviorally relevant neural dynamics enabled by preferential subspace identification
This work develops PSID, a dynamic modeling method to dissociate and prioritize neural dynamics relevant to a given behavior.
- Omid G. Sani
- , Hamidreza Abbaspourazad
- , Yan T. Wong
- , Bijan Pesaran
- & Maryam M. Shanechi
-
Review Article |
Prefrontal–amygdala circuits in social decision-making
Gangopadhyay, Chawla et al. examine the neural bases of social decision-making at different processing stages and across humans, non-human primates and rodents. These examinations underscore the importance of the medial prefrontal–amygdala pathways.
- Prabaha Gangopadhyay
- , Megha Chawla
- , Olga Dal Monte
- & Steve W. C. Chang
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Review Article |
Quantifying behavior to understand the brain
Behavioral quantification is changing neuroscience. Pereira et al. provide an overview of the latest advances in motion tracking and behavior prediction and discuss how these methods are used to understand the brain in ways not previously possible.
- Talmo D. Pereira
- , Joshua W. Shaevitz
- & Mala Murthy
-
Brief Communication |
A cerebello-olivary signal for negative prediction error is sufficient to cause extinction of associative motor learning
Learning to suppress maladaptive behaviors is critical for good mental health. Kim et al. show that mice can be taught to suppress previously acquired motor responses by selective and properly timed stimulation of the cerebello-olivary pathway.
- Olivia A. Kim
- , Shogo Ohmae
- & Javier F. Medina
-
News & Views |
An ‘edgy’ new look
Network neuroscientists envision the brain as a network of nodes (regions) linked via edges (connections). A long-held assumption is that node-centric interactions are the primary phenomena of interest. Faskowitz et al. introduce a novel edge-centric framework with the potential to usher in a new era of discovery in connectomics research.
- Lucina Q. Uddin
-
Review Article |
Brain organoids for the study of human neurobiology at the interface of in vitro and in vivo
Chiaradia and Lancaster review applications and limitations of brain organoids, placing them in context with other technologies and describing how these methods are heavily informed by in vivo development.
- Ilaria Chiaradia
- & Madeline A. Lancaster
-
Article |
Mesophasic organization of GABAA receptors in hippocampal inhibitory synapses
Using cryo-electron tomography to detect individual GABAA receptors in hippocampal synapses, we discovered a hierarchical and mesophasic organization of inhibitory postsynaptic density proteins that enables efficient synaptic transmission.
- Yun-Tao Liu
- , Chang-Lu Tao
- , Xiaokang Zhang
- , Wenjun Xia
- , Dong-Qing Shi
- , Lei Qi
- , Cheng Xu
- , Rong Sun
- , Xiao-Wei Li
- , Pak-Ming Lau
- , Z. Hong Zhou
- & Guo-Qiang Bi
-
Review Article |
Challenges and future directions for representations of functional brain organization
In this Primer article, Bijsterbosch and colleagues provide an accessible discussion of the challenges faced in analytical representations of functional brain organization and provide clear recommendations to unite a fractionated field.
- Janine Bijsterbosch
- , Samuel J. Harrison
- , Saad Jbabdi
- , Mark Woolrich
- , Christian Beckmann
- , Stephen Smith
- & Eugene P. Duff
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Article |
Activated microglia cause metabolic disruptions in developmental cortical interneurons that persist in interneurons from individuals with schizophrenia
When co-cultured with activated microglia, iPSC-derived interneurons from individuals with schizophrenia and from healthy controls show defects in metabolic pathways, but only the interneurons from individuals with schizophrenia showed prolonged metabolic deficits.
- Gun-Hoo Park
- , Haneul Noh
- , Zhicheng Shao
- , Peiyan Ni
- , Yiren Qin
- , Dongxin Liu
- , Cameron P. Beaudreault
- , Joy S. Park
- , Chiderah P. Abani
- , James M. Park
- , Derek T. Le
- , Sasha Z. Gonzalez
- , Youxin Guan
- , Bruce M. Cohen
- , Donna L. McPhie
- , Joseph T. Coyle
- , Thomas A. Lanz
- , Hualin S. Xi
- , Changhong Yin
- , Weihua Huang
- , Hae-Young Kim
- & Sangmi Chung
-
News & Views |
Help from peripheral macrophages in ALS?
Chiot and colleagues investigated whether peripheral macrophages play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology, finding that macrophages along peripheral motor neuron axons react to neurodegeneration. Modifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in peripheral macrophages, using bone marrow cell replacement, reduces both macrophage and microglia inflammatory response, delays pathology and increases survival in ALS mouse models.
- P. Hande Özdinler
-
Technical Report |
Edge-centric functional network representations of human cerebral cortex reveal overlapping system-level architecture
The authors present an edge-centric model of brain connectivity. Edge networks are stable across datasets, and their structure can be modulated by sensory input. When clustered, edge networks yield pervasively overlapping functional modules.
- Joshua Faskowitz
- , Farnaz Zamani Esfahlani
- , Youngheun Jo
- , Olaf Sporns
- & Richard F. Betzel
-
Article |
Modifying macrophages at the periphery has the capacity to change microglial reactivity and to extend ALS survival
Peripheral macrophages located along motor axons react differently to neurodegeneration compared to CNS microglia in ALS mice. Modifying peripheral macrophages suppresses proinflammatory microglial responses, shifting them toward neuronal support.
- Aude Chiot
- , Sakina Zaïdi
- , Charlène Iltis
- , Matthieu Ribon
- , Félix Berriat
- , Lorenzo Schiaffino
- , Ariane Jolly
- , Pierre de la Grange
- , Michel Mallat
- , Delphine Bohl
- , Stéphanie Millecamps
- , Danielle Seilhean
- , Christian S. Lobsiger
- & Séverine Boillée
-
Article |
Coding of social novelty in the hippocampal CA2 region and its disruption and rescue in a 22q11.2 microdeletion mouse model
Donegan et al. show that hippocampal CA2 neurons contribute to social memory by encoding social novelty. Abnormal CA2 coding and social memory in a mouse model of the 22q11.2 microdeletion are rescued by blocking elevated CA2 TREK-1 K+ current.
- Macayla L. Donegan
- , Fabio Stefanini
- , Torcato Meira
- , Joshua A. Gordon
- , Stefano Fusi
- & Steven A. Siegelbaum
-
Publisher Correction |
Publisher Correction: A glycolytic shift in Schwann cells supports injured axons
- Elisabetta Babetto
- , Keit Men Wong
- & Bogdan Beirowski
-
Review Article |
Neural mechanisms of aggression across species
Aggression is an instinctive behavior supported by hardwired neural circuits. Julieta Lischinsky and Dayu Lin review our current understanding of the neural circuits of aggression across species and their modulation by internal state.
- Julieta E. Lischinsky
- & Dayu Lin
-
Author Correction |
Author Correction: Using Bayes factor hypothesis testing in neuroscience to establish evidence of absence
- Christian Keysers
- , Valeria Gazzola
- & Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
-
Article |
Prefrontal cortex exhibits multidimensional dynamic encoding during decision-making
Aoi et al. used a new dimensionality-reduction method to disentangle the contributions of different task variables to neural population activity, which revealed rotational dynamics in monkey PFC during context-dependent decision-making.
- Mikio C. Aoi
- , Valerio Mante
- & Jonathan W. Pillow
-
Resource |
Mapping the epigenomic and transcriptomic interplay during memory formation and recall in the hippocampal engram ensemble
The authors show that a coordinated epigenetic priming event during memory encoding and consolidation facilitates promoter–enhancer interactions that are vital for the unique transcriptional output of reactivated engram neurons.
- Asaf Marco
- , Hiruy S. Meharena
- , Vishnu Dileep
- , Ravikiran M. Raju
- , Jose Davila-Velderrain
- , Amy Letao Zhang
- , Chinnakkaruppan Adaikkan
- , Jennie Z. Young
- , Fan Gao
- , Manolis Kellis
- & Li-Huei Tsai
-
Article |
Spinal astrocytes in superficial laminae gate brainstem descending control of mechanosensory hypersensitivity
Kohro et al. identify a population of astrocytes located in the superficial dorsal horn of adult spinal cord (genetically defined by Hes5) that acts as a gate for locus coeruleus descending noradrenergic control of mechanosensory hypersensitivity.
- Yuta Kohro
- , Tsuyoshi Matsuda
- , Kohei Yoshihara
- , Keita Kohno
- , Keisuke Koga
- , Ryuichi Katsuragi
- , Takaaki Oka
- , Ryoichi Tashima
- , Sho Muneta
- , Takuya Yamane
- , Shota Okada
- , Kazuya Momokino
- , Aogu Furusho
- , Kenji Hamase
- , Takumi Oti
- , Hirotaka Sakamoto
- , Kenichiro Hayashida
- , Ryosuke Kobayashi
- , Takuro Horii
- , Izuho Hatada
- , Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh
- , Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- , Verdon Taylor
- , Kazuhide Inoue
- & Makoto Tsuda
-
News & Views |
Computational behavior analysis takes on drug development
By building a richer behavioral vocabulary, Wiltschko et al. tease apart subtle differences in how pharmacological agents affect animal behavior, mapping on- and off-target effects of drugs with improved precision.
- Ann Kennedy
-
News & Views |
Functional boundaries within human subcortex
Abrupt spatial changes in anatomic and functional properties of the brain demarcate boundaries between discrete functional areas. While previous work has identified these boundaries in cortex, a new study by Tian et al. applies this approach for the first time to subcortical structures within the in vivo human brain.
- Evan M. Gordon
-
Article |
Topographic organization of the human subcortex unveiled with functional connectivity gradients
This work by Tian and colleagues unveils the extraordinarily complex layout of the human subcortex by identifying 27 new functional regions that organize hierarchically across four scales and adapt to changing cognitive demands.
- Ye Tian
- , Daniel S. Margulies
- , Michael Breakspear
- & Andrew Zalesky
-
Article |
Anatomically segregated basal ganglia pathways allow parallel behavioral modulation
This study demonstrates that basal ganglia functional topography is maintained across and downstream of its output nuclei, and in closed loops. Focal stimulation of distinct striatal subregions induces distinct action, supporting a model of parallel behavioral control.
- Jaeeon Lee
- , Wengang Wang
- & Bernardo L. Sabatini
-
Article |
Synaptic vesicles transiently dock to refill release sites
Kusick et al. capture snapshots of synaptic vesicle docking and fusion using a new time-resolved electron microscopy technique. They find that vesicles are replaced milliseconds after they fuse, which may contribute to short-term synaptic plasticity.
- Grant F. Kusick
- , Morven Chin
- , Sumana Raychaudhuri
- , Kristina Lippmann
- , Kadidia P. Adula
- , Edward J. Hujber
- , Thien Vu
- , M. Wayne Davis
- , Erik M. Jorgensen
- & Shigeki Watanabe
-
Author Correction |
Author Correction: Functional organization and population dynamics in the mouse primary auditory cortex
- Gideon Rothschild
- , Israel Nelken
- & Adi Mizrahi
-
Resource |
Revealing the structure of pharmacobehavioral space through motion sequencing
By analyzing hundreds of mice treated with a library of neuro- and psychoactive drugs, Wiltschko et al. show that Motion Sequencing can effectively discriminate and categorize drug effects and link molecular targets to behavioral syllables.
- Alexander B. Wiltschko
- , Tatsuya Tsukahara
- , Ayman Zeine
- , Rockwell Anyoha
- , Winthrop F. Gillis
- , Jeffrey E. Markowitz
- , Ralph E. Peterson
- , Jesse Katon
- , Matthew J. Johnson
- & Sandeep Robert Datta
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Perspective |
Issues and recommendations from the OHBM COBIDAS MEEG committee for reproducible EEG and MEG research
The Organization for Human Brain Mapping presents its best practices report for reproducible EEG and MEG research, highlighting issues and main recommendations in this Perspective.
- Cyril Pernet
- , Marta I. Garrido
- , Alexandre Gramfort
- , Natasha Maurits
- , Christoph M. Michel
- , Elizabeth Pang
- , Riitta Salmelin
- , Jan Mathijs Schoffelen
- , Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa
- & Aina Puce
-
Technical Report |
Dense neuronal reconstruction through X-ray holographic nano-tomography
Kuan, Phelps, et al. used synchrotron X-ray imaging and deep learning to map dense neuronal wiring in fly and mouse tissue, enabling examination of individual cells and connectivity in circuits governing motor control and perceptual decision-making.
- Aaron T. Kuan
- , Jasper S. Phelps
- , Logan A. Thomas
- , Tri M. Nguyen
- , Julie Han
- , Chiao-Lin Chen
- , Anthony W. Azevedo
- , John C. Tuthill
- , Jan Funke
- , Peter Cloetens
- , Alexandra Pacureanu
- & Wei-Chung Allen Lee
-
Resource |
Circuit and molecular architecture of a ventral hippocampal network
The ventral hippocampus is central in the processing of emotional information. Here, a combination of viral and sequencing approaches defines the organizational logic of the extended ventral CA1 circuit.
- Mark M. Gergues
- , Kasey J. Han
- , Hye Sun Choi
- , Brandon Brown
- , Kelsey J. Clausing
- , Victoria S. Turner
- , Ilia D. Vainchtein
- , Anna V. Molofsky
- & Mazen A. Kheirbek
-
News & Views |
Schwann cell energy to die for
A new study shows that, immediately after axon injury, glycolysis is increased in Schwann cells to provide axons with energy and prevent them from degenerating. The authors also identify possible therapeutic targets that could be modulated to promote axonal protection.
- Amelia Trimarco
- & Carla Taveggia
-
Obituary |
Horace Barlow. Scientist of vision
Horace Basil Barlow, Fellow of the Royal Society, winner of the Australia Prize, the Royal Medal of the Royal Society and the Schwartz Prize of the Society for Neuroscience, died on 5 July 2020 at the age of 98, 10 days after suffering a stroke. As news spread among his former students and collaborators, one phrase recurred again and again in the messages of nostalgic reflection: ‘the end of an era’.
- Colin Blakemore
-
Resource |
Live-imaging of astrocyte morphogenesis and function in zebrafish neural circuits
Chen et al. define previously unreported zebrafish astrocytes, provide new insights into vertebrate astrocyte development and lay the foundation for studying astrocyte function in the entire nervous system of an intact and behaving animal.
- Jiakun Chen
- , Kira E. Poskanzer
- , Marc R. Freeman
- & Kelly R. Monk
-
Article |
Systematic errors in connectivity inferred from activity in strongly recurrent networks
The authors demonstrate that strongly recurrent circuits inferred from neural activity, even with unlimited data from every neuron, are biased. Synapses are inferred between unconnected but correlated neurons. Inference based on non-equilibrium activity may help remedy this.
- Abhranil Das
- & Ila R. Fiete