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  • Article |

    Sherman et al. describe the contribution of mosaic copy number variants (mCNVs) to the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Probands with ASD carry a significant burden of mCNVs relative to their unaffected siblings.

    • Maxwell A. Sherman
    • , Rachel E. Rodin
    • , Giulio Genovese
    • , Caroline Dias
    • , Alison R. Barton
    • , Ronen E. Mukamel
    • , Bonnie Berger
    • , Peter J. Park
    • , Christopher A. Walsh
    •  & Po-Ru Loh

  • Resource |

    Leng et al. uncover the molecular signature of neuronal subpopulations that are selectively vulnerable to tau aggregation and death early in Alzheimer’s disease in the human entorhinal cortex and other brain regions, validating RORB as a marker.

    • Kun Leng
    • , Emmy Li
    • , Rana Eser
    • , Antonia Piergies
    • , Rene Sit
    • , Michelle Tan
    • , Norma Neff
    • , Song Hua Li
    • , Roberta Diehl Rodriguez
    • , Claudia Kimie Suemoto
    • , Renata Elaine Paraizo Leite
    • , Alexander J. Ehrenberg
    • , Carlos A. Pasqualucci
    • , William W. Seeley
    • , Salvatore Spina
    • , Helmut Heinsen
    • , Lea T. Grinberg
    •  & Martin Kampmann

  • Article |

    Zhu et al. discover that in human brain there is widespread anatomic distribution of low-frequency somatic, mosaic L1 insertions, using deep whole-genome sequencing of neuronal and glial fractions and machine-learning analysis.

    • Xiaowei Zhu
    • , Bo Zhou
    • , Reenal Pattni
    • , Kelly Gleason
    • , Chunfeng Tan
    • , Agnieszka Kalinowski
    • , Steven Sloan
    • , Anna-Sophie Fiston-Lavier
    • , Jessica Mariani
    • , Dmitri Petrov
    • , Ben A. Barres
    • , Laramie Duncan
    • , Alexej Abyzov
    • , Hannes Vogel
    • , Xiaowei Zhu
    • , Bo Zhou
    • , Alexander Urban
    • , Christopher Walsh
    • , Javier Ganz
    • , Mollie Woodworth
    • , Pengpeng Li
    • , Rachel Rodin
    • , Robert Hill
    • , Sara Bizzotto
    • , Zinan Zhou
    • , Alice Lee
    • , Alissa D’Gama
    • , Alon Galor
    • , Craig Bohrson
    • , Daniel Kwon
    • , Doga Gulhan
    • , Elaine Lim
    • , Isidro Cortes
    • , Joe Luquette
    • , Maxwell Sherman
    • , Michael Coulter
    • , Michael Lodato
    • , Peter Park
    • , Rebeca Monroy
    • , Sonia Kim
    • , Yanmei Dou
    • , Andrew Chess
    • , Attila Jones
    • , Chaggai Rosenbluh
    • , Schahram Akbarian
    • , Ben Langmead
    • , Jeremy Thorpe
    • , Jonathan Pevsner
    • , Rob Scharpf
    • , Sean Cho
    • , Flora Vaccarino
    • , Liana Fasching
    • , Simone Tomasi
    • , Nenad Sestan
    • , Sirisha Pochareddy
    • , Andrew Jaffe
    • , Apua Paquola
    • , Daniel Weinberger
    • , Jennifer Erwin
    • , Jooheon Shin
    • , Richard Straub
    • , Rujuta Narurkar
    • , Anjene Addington
    • , David Panchision
    • , Doug Meinecke
    • , Geetha Senthil
    • , Lora Bingaman
    • , Tara Dutka
    • , Thomas Lehner
    • , Alexej Abyzov
    • , Taejeong Bae
    • , Laura Saucedo-Cuevas
    • , Tara Conniff
    • , Diane A. Flasch
    • , Trenton J. Frisbie
    • , Jeffrey M. Kidd
    • , Mandy M. Lam
    • , John B. Moldovan
    • , John V. Moran
    • , Kenneth Y. Kwan
    • , Ryan E. Mills
    • , Sarah Emery
    • , Weichen Zhou
    • , Yifan Wang
    • , Kenneth Daily
    • , Mette Peters
    • , Fred Gage
    • , Meiyan Wang
    • , Patrick Reed
    • , Sara Linker
    • , Ani Sarkar
    • , Aitor Serres
    • , David Juan
    • , Inna Povolotskaya
    • , Irene Lobon
    • , Manuel Solis
    • , Raquel Garcia
    • , Tomas Marques-Bonet
    • , Gary Mathern
    • , Eric Courchesne
    • , Jing Gu
    • , Joseph Gleeson
    • , Laurel Ball
    • , Renee George
    • , Tiziano Pramparo
    • , Aakrosh Ratan
    • , Mike J. McConnell
    • , John V. Moran
    • , Flora M. Vaccarino
    • , Carol A. Tamminga
    • , Douglas F. Levinson
    •  & Alexander E. Urban

  • Article |

    Rodin and Dou et al. characterized genome-wide somatic mutation in autistic and control brains, revealing that even unaffected individuals may possess dozens of brain somatic mutations and providing insight into the role of somatic mutation in autism.

    • Rachel E. Rodin
    • , Yanmei Dou
    • , Minseok Kwon
    • , Maxwell A. Sherman
    • , Alissa M. D’Gama
    • , Ryan N. Doan
    • , Lariza M. Rento
    • , Kelly M. Girskis
    • , Craig L. Bohrson
    • , Sonia N. Kim
    • , Ajay Nadig
    • , Lovelace J. Luquette
    • , Doga C. Gulhan
    • , Christopher A. Walsh
    • , Javier Ganz
    • , Mollie B. Woodworth
    • , Pengpeng Li
    • , Rachel E. Rodin
    • , Robert S. Hill
    • , Sara Bizzotto
    • , Zinan Zhou
    • , Eunjung A. Lee
    • , Alison R. Barton
    • , Alissa M. D’Gama
    • , Alon Galor
    • , Craig L. Bohrson
    • , Daniel Kwon
    • , Doga C. Gulhan
    • , Elaine T. Lim
    • , Isidro Ciriano Cortes
    • , Lovelace J. Luquette
    • , Maxwell A. Sherman
    • , Michael E. Coulter
    • , Michael A. Lodato
    • , Peter J. Park
    • , Rebeca B. Monroy
    • , Sonia N. Kim
    • , Yanmei Dou
    • , Andrew Chess
    • , Attila Gulyás-Kovács
    • , Chaggai Rosenbluh
    • , Schahram Akbarian
    • , Ben Langmead
    • , Jeremy Thorpe
    • , Jonathan Pevsner
    • , Soonweng Cho
    • , Andrew E. Jaffe
    • , Apua Paquola
    • , Daniel R. Weinberger
    • , Jennifer A. Erwin
    • , Jooheon H. Shin
    • , Richard E. Straub
    • , Rujuta Narurkar
    • , Alexej S. Abyzov
    • , Taejeong Bae
    • , Anjene Addington
    • , David Panchision
    • , Doug Meinecke
    • , Geetha Senthil
    • , Lora Bingaman
    • , Tara Dutka
    • , Thomas Lehner
    • , Laura Saucedo-Cuevas
    • , Tara Conniff
    • , Kenneth Daily
    • , Mette Peters
    • , Fred H. Gage
    • , Meiyan Wang
    • , Patrick J. Reed
    • , Sara B. Linker
    • , Alex E. Urban
    • , Bo Zhou
    • , Xiaowei Zhu
    • , Aitor Serres
    • , David Juan
    • , Inna Povolotskaya
    • , Irene Lobón
    • , Manuel Solis-Moruno
    • , Raquel García-Pérez
    • , Tomas Marquès-Bonet
    • , Gary W. Mathern
    • , Eric Courchesne
    • , Jing Gu
    • , Joseph G. Gleeson
    • , Laurel L. Ball
    • , Renee D. George
    • , Tiziano Pramparo
    • , Diane A. Flasch
    • , Trenton J. Frisbie
    • , Jeffrey M. Kidd
    • , John B. Moldovan
    • , John V. Moran
    • , Kenneth Y. Kwan
    • , Ryan E. Mills
    • , Sarah B. Emery
    • , Weichen Zhou
    • , Yifan Wang
    • , Aakrosh Ratan
    • , Michael J. McConnell
    • , Flora M. Vaccarino
    • , Gianfilippo Coppola
    • , Jessica B. Lennington
    • , Liana Fasching
    • , Nenad Sestan
    • , Sirisha Pochareddy
    • , Peter J. Park
    •  & Christopher A. Walsh

  • News & Views |

    A new study reveals that maternal immune activation promotes sex-biased activation of the integrated stress response in the developing mouse brain and that this mechanistically contributes to the onset of autism-related behaviors uniquely in male offspring.

    • Kristine E. Zengeler
    •  & John R. Lukens

  • Article |

    This paper shows that maternal immune activation in mice induces changes in the mRNA translation machinery in the fetal brain and activates the integrated stress response in male fetuses, which mediates neurobehavioral abnormalities.

    • Brian T. Kalish
    • , Eunha Kim
    • , Benjamin Finander
    • , Erin E. Duffy
    • , Hyunju Kim
    • , Casey K. Gilman
    • , Yeong Shin Yim
    • , Lilin Tong
    • , Randal J. Kaufman
    • , Eric C. Griffith
    • , Gloria B. Choi
    • , Michael E. Greenberg
    •  & Jun R. Huh

  • Article |

    Overexpression of complement C4A is associated with schizophrenia risk. Using a novel mouse model, Yilmaz et al. find that increased expression of C4A leads to abnormal synaptic pruning and behavior, suggesting its importance as a therapeutic target.

    • Melis Yilmaz
    • , Esra Yalcin
    • , Jessy Presumey
    • , Ernest Aw
    • , Minghe Ma
    • , Christopher W. Whelan
    • , Beth Stevens
    • , Steven A. McCarroll
    •  & Michael C. Carroll

  • Article |

    Neurons are generated throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus. Bottes et al. used intravital imaging and comparative single-cell transcriptomics to identify long-term self-renewing neural stem cells in the adult mouse hippocampus.

    • Sara Bottes
    • , Baptiste N. Jaeger
    • , Gregor-Alexander Pilz
    • , David J. Jörg
    • , John Darby Cole
    • , Merit Kruse
    • , Lachlan Harris
    • , Vladislav I. Korobeynyk
    • , Izaskun Mallona
    • , Fritjof Helmchen
    • , François Guillemot
    • , Benjamin D. Simons
    •  & Sebastian Jessberger

  • Article |

    Poulter et al. report on vector trace cells (VTCs) in the hippocampal subiculum. VTCs support vector coding for previously encountered, now absent, objects and boundaries, potentially facilitating navigation to remembered goals.

    • Steven Poulter
    • , Sang Ah Lee
    • , James Dachtler
    • , Thomas J. Wills
    •  & Colin Lever

  • Article |

    Efficient repair of demyelinated CNS lesions involves the resolution of inflammation and induction of remyelination. Berghoff et al. show that sterol synthesis in microglia is key to both processes, which can be supported by squalene therapy.

    • Stefan A. Berghoff
    • , Lena Spieth
    • , Ting Sun
    • , Leon Hosang
    • , Lennart Schlaphoff
    • , Constanze Depp
    • , Tim Düking
    • , Jan Winchenbach
    • , Jonathan Neuber
    • , David Ewers
    • , Patricia Scholz
    • , Franziska van der Meer
    • , Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri
    • , Andrew O. Sasmita
    • , Martin Meschkat
    • , Torben Ruhwedel
    • , Wiebke Möbius
    • , Roman Sankowski
    • , Marco Prinz
    • , Inge Huitinga
    • , Michael W. Sereda
    • , Francesca Odoardi
    • , Till Ischebeck
    • , Mikael Simons
    • , Christine Stadelmann-Nessler
    • , Julia M. Edgar
    • , Klaus-Armin Nave
    •  & Gesine Saher

  • Article |

    A transcriptome-wide characterization of the molecular pathology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) postmortem brains provides a comprehensive resource for mechanistic insight and therapeutic development.

    • Matthew J. Girgenti
    • , Jiawei Wang
    • , Dingjue Ji
    • , Dianne A. Cruz
    • , Victor E. Alvarez
    • , David Benedek
    • , Christopher Brady
    • , David A. Davis
    • , Paul E. Holtzheimer
    • , Terence M. Keane
    • , Neil Kowell
    • , Mark W. Logue
    • , Ann McKee
    • , Brian Marx
    • , Deborah Mash
    • , Mark W. Miller
    • , William K. Scott
    • , Thor Stein
    • , Robert Ursano
    • , Erika J. Wolf
    • , Murray B. Stein
    • , Joel Gelernter
    • , Keith A. Young
    • , Bertrand R. Huber
    • , Douglas E. Williamson
    • , Matthew J. Friedman
    • , John H. Krystal
    • , Hongyu Zhao
    •  & Ronald S. Duman

  • Article |

    Rhea at al. show that intravenously injected, radiolabeled SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 protein crosses the mouse blood–brain barrier, likely through the mechanism of adsorptive transcytosis and is also taken up by peripheral tissues.

    • Elizabeth M. Rhea
    • , Aric F. Logsdon
    • , Kim M. Hansen
    • , Lindsey M. Williams
    • , May J. Reed
    • , Kristen K. Baumann
    • , Sarah J. Holden
    • , Jacob Raber
    • , William A. Banks
    •  & Michelle A. Erickson

  • Brief Communication |

    Merlini, Rafalski et al. show that dynamic microglial brain surveillance prevents hyperexcitability and seizures by Gi-dependent microglia–neuron interactions in response to evoked neuronal activity to maintain physiological network synchronization.

    • Mario Merlini
    • , Victoria A. Rafalski
    • , Keran Ma
    • , Keun-Young Kim
    • , Eric A. Bushong
    • , Pamela E. Rios Coronado
    • , Zhaoqi Yan
    • , Andrew S. Mendiola
    • , Elif G. Sozmen
    • , Jae Kyu Ryu
    • , Matthias G. Haberl
    • , Matthew Madany
    • , Daniel Naranjo Sampson
    • , Mark A. Petersen
    • , Sophia Bardehle
    • , Reshmi Tognatta
    • , Terry Dean Jr
    • , Rosa Meza Acevedo
    • , Belinda Cabriga
    • , Reuben Thomas
    • , Shaun R. Coughlin
    • , Mark H. Ellisman
    • , Jorge J. Palop
    •  & Katerina Akassoglou

  • News & Views |

    A new study proposes an exciting new model of neuronal diversification in the developing enteric nervous system (ENS) and establishes a detailed molecular taxonomy for enteric neurons. Their findings open new horizons for ENS research and for developing cell-based therapies for ENS disorders.

    • Julia Ganz

  • Perspective |

    Recent research has discovered new connections between cerebellar neurons, revealed abundant inputs related to reward, demonstrated a cellular solution for the temporal credit assignment problem and restructured theories of cerebellar learning.

    • Chris I. De Zeeuw
    • , Stephen G. Lisberger
    •  & Jennifer L. Raymond

  • Article |

    Imaging and transcriptomic approaches to investigate mouse enteric nervous system diversity and development reveal a new classification of intestinal myenteric neurons and a novel principle of neuronal diversification by postmitotic transitions.

    • Khomgrit Morarach
    • , Anastassia Mikhailova
    • , Viktoria Knoflach
    • , Fatima Memic
    • , Rakesh Kumar
    • , Wei Li
    • , Patrik Ernfors
    •  & Ulrika Marklund

  • Article |

    Schwaller et al. show that the USH2A protein, present in Meissner’s corpuscles, is necessary in humans and mice to perceive tiny vibrations. USH2A may facilitate force transfer to mechanoreceptors as the fingertip probes rough surfaces.

    • Fred Schwaller
    • , Valérie Bégay
    • , Gema García-García
    • , Francisco J. Taberner
    • , Rabih Moshourab
    • , Brennan McDonald
    • , Trevor Docter
    • , Johannes Kühnemund
    • , Julia Ojeda-Alonso
    • , Ricardo Paricio-Montesinos
    • , Stefan G. Lechner
    • , James F. A. Poulet
    • , Jose M. Millan
    •  & Gary R. Lewin

  • Publisher Correction |

    • Rafael Yuste
    • , Michael Hawrylycz
    • , Nadia Aalling
    • , Argel Aguilar-Valles
    • , Detlev Arendt
    • , Ruben Armananzas Arnedillo
    • , Giorgio A. Ascoli
    • , Concha Bielza
    • , Vahid Bokharaie
    • , Tobias Borgtoft Bergmann
    • , Irina Bystron
    • , Marco Capogna
    • , Yoonjeung Chang
    • , Ann Clemens
    • , Christiaan P. J. de Kock
    • , Javier DeFelipe
    • , Sandra Esmeralda Dos Santos
    • , Keagan Dunville
    • , Dirk Feldmeyer
    • , Richárd Fiáth
    • , Gordon James Fishell
    • , Angelica Foggetti
    • , Xuefan Gao
    • , Parviz Ghaderi
    • , Natalia A. Goriounova
    • , Onur Güntürkün
    • , Kenta Hagihara
    • , Vanessa Jane Hall
    • , Moritz Helmstaedter
    • , Suzana Herculano
    • , Markus M. Hilscher
    • , Hajime Hirase
    • , Jens Hjerling-Leffler
    • , Rebecca Hodge
    • , Josh Huang
    • , Rafiq Huda
    • , Konstantin Khodosevich
    • , Ole Kiehn
    • , Henner Koch
    • , Eric S. Kuebler
    • , Malte Kühnemund
    • , Pedro Larrañaga
    • , Boudewijn Lelieveldt
    • , Emma Louise Louth
    • , Jan H. Lui
    • , Huibert D. Mansvelder
    • , Oscar Marin
    • , Julio Martinez-Trujillo
    • , Homeira Moradi Chameh
    • , Alok Nath
    • , Maiken Nedergaard
    • , Pavel Němec
    • , Netanel Ofer
    • , Ulrich Gottfried Pfisterer
    • , Samuel Pontes
    • , William Redmond
    • , Jean Rossier
    • , Joshua R. Sanes
    • , Richard Scheuermann
    • , Esther Serrano-Saiz
    • , Jochen F. Steiger
    • , Peter Somogyi
    • , Gábor Tamás
    • , Andreas Savas Tolias
    • , Maria Antonietta Tosches
    • , Miguel Turrero García
    • , Hermany Munguba Vieira
    • , Christian Wozny
    • , Thomas V. Wuttke
    • , Liu Yong
    • , Juan Yuan
    • , Hongkui Zeng
    •  & Ed Lein

  • News & Views |

    One of the mechanisms driving aging and neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of senescent cells, while their elimination mitigates age-related decline. A new report details how, with aging, changes in the dentate gyrus microenvironment lead to natural-killer-cell-mediated clearance of neurogenic senescent cells, resulting in cognitive decline.

    • Nurit Papismadov
    •  & Valery Krizhanovsky

  • Article |

    The authors demonstrate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx and brain, suggesting that the virus is present in the CNS and may enter through the olfactory mucosa, exploiting the close vicinity of olfactory mucosal, endothelial and nervous tissue.

    • Jenny Meinhardt
    • , Josefine Radke
    • , Carsten Dittmayer
    • , Jonas Franz
    • , Carolina Thomas
    • , Ronja Mothes
    • , Michael Laue
    • , Julia Schneider
    • , Sebastian Brünink
    • , Selina Greuel
    • , Malte Lehmann
    • , Olga Hassan
    • , Tom Aschman
    • , Elisa Schumann
    • , Robert Lorenz Chua
    • , Christian Conrad
    • , Roland Eils
    • , Werner Stenzel
    • , Marc Windgassen
    • , Larissa Rößler
    • , Hans-Hilmar Goebel
    • , Hans R. Gelderblom
    • , Hubert Martin
    • , Andreas Nitsche
    • , Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer
    • , Samy Hakroush
    • , Martin S. Winkler
    • , Björn Tampe
    • , Franziska Scheibe
    • , Péter Körtvélyessy
    • , Dirk Reinhold
    • , Britta Siegmund
    • , Anja A. Kühl
    • , Sefer Elezkurtaj
    • , David Horst
    • , Lars Oesterhelweg
    • , Michael Tsokos
    • , Barbara Ingold-Heppner
    • , Christine Stadelmann
    • , Christian Drosten
    • , Victor Max Corman
    • , Helena Radbruch
    •  & Frank L. Heppner

  • Editorial |

    In this special issue, we present a series of reviews, perspectives and commentaries that highlight advances in methods and analytical approaches and provide guidelines and best practices in various areas of neuroscience.

  • Article |

    When people are isolated, they crave social interactions. Midbrain craving regions were activated by food in hungry people, and by social interactions in people mandated to be isolated.

    • Livia Tomova
    • , Kimberly L. Wang
    • , Todd Thompson
    • , Gillian A. Matthews
    • , Atsushi Takahashi
    • , Kay M. Tye
    •  & Rebecca Saxe

  • Article |

    Pacheco et al. present new methods for the unbiased recording and cataloging of sensory activity throughout the Drosophila brain and across trials and individuals. They find auditory activity is temporally diverse but present in neurons throughout nearly all central brain regions.

    • Diego A. Pacheco
    • , Stephan Y. Thiberge
    • , Eftychios Pnevmatikakis
    •  & Mala Murthy

  • Article |

    Ong et al. analyzed behavior, gaze patterns and neuronal activity of monkeys playing the game ‘chicken’. Monkeys seemed to develop models of the behavior of the partner, and neurons in the mSTS and the ACCg signaled strategic information to guide their decisions.

    • Wei Song Ong
    • , Seth Madlon-Kay
    •  & Michael L. Platt

  • Technical Report |

    A method for parameterizing electrophysiological neural power spectra into periodic and aperiodic components is introduced, addressing limitations of common approaches. The method is validated in simulation and demonstrated on real data applications.

    • Thomas Donoghue
    • , Matar Haller
    • , Erik J. Peterson
    • , Paroma Varma
    • , Priyadarshini Sebastian
    • , Richard Gao
    • , Torben Noto
    • , Antonio H. Lara
    • , Joni D. Wallis
    • , Robert T. Knight
    • , Avgusta Shestyuk
    •  & Bradley Voytek

  • Article |

    Chun et al. find that a severe model of reactive astrocytes overproduces hydrogen peroxide, leading to the development of Alzheimer’s disease-like pathologies, including neurodegeneration, tauopathy and memory impairment.

    • Heejung Chun
    • , Hyeonjoo Im
    • , You Jung Kang
    • , Yunha Kim
    • , Jin Hee Shin
    • , Woojin Won
    • , Jiwoon Lim
    • , Yeonha Ju
    • , Yongmin Mason Park
    • , Sunpil Kim
    • , Seung Eun Lee
    • , Jaekwang Lee
    • , Junsung Woo
    • , Yujin Hwang
    • , Hyesun Cho
    • , Seonmi Jo
    • , Jong-Hyun Park
    • , Daesoo Kim
    • , Doo Yeon Kim
    • , Jeong-Sun Seo
    • , Byoung Joo Gwag
    • , Young Soo Kim
    • , Ki Duk Park
    • , Bong-Kiun Kaang
    • , Hansang Cho
    • , Hoon Ryu
    •  & C. Justin Lee

  • Review Article |

    This Review discusses two high-throughput techniques—massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) and CRISPR screens—focusing on their potential to validate non-coding genetic risk variants in human stem cell models of complex brain disorders.

    • Kayla G. Townsley
    • , Kristen J. Brennand
    •  & Laura M. Huckins

  • Article |

    Uhlmann et al. show that the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease may in fact be a relatively late manifestation of a much earlier pathogenic and targetable process of seed formation and propagation.

    • Ruth E. Uhlmann
    • , Christine Rother
    • , Jay Rasmussen
    • , Juliane Schelle
    • , Carina Bergmann
    • , Emily M. Ullrich Gavilanes
    • , Sarah K. Fritschi
    • , Anika Buehler
    • , Frank Baumann
    • , Angelos Skodras
    • , Rawaa Al-Shaana
    • , Natalie Beschorner
    • , Lan Ye
    • , Stephan A. Kaeser
    • , Ulrike Obermüller
    • , Søren Christensen
    • , Fredrik Kartberg
    • , Jeffrey B. Stavenhagen
    • , Jens-Ulrich Rahfeld
    • , Holger Cynis
    • , Fang Qian
    • , Paul H. Weinreb
    • , Thierry Bussiere
    • , Lary C. Walker
    • , Matthias Staufenbiel
    •  & Mathias Jucker

  • Article |

    Alzheimer’s disease is often considered a disease of neurons. This study reveals that astrocytes are also impaired by the disease and that these cells contribute more to memory deterioration than previously thought.

    • Kevin Richetin
    • , Pascal Steullet
    • , Mathieu Pachoud
    • , Romain Perbet
    • , Enea Parietti
    • , Mathischan Maheswaran
    • , Sabiha Eddarkaoui
    • , Séverine Bégard
    • , Catherine Pythoud
    • , Maria Rey
    • , Raphaëlle Caillierez
    • , Kim Q Do
    • , Sophie Halliez
    • , Paola Bezzi
    • , Luc Buée
    • , Geneviève Leuba
    • , Morvane Colin
    • , Nicolas Toni
    •  & Nicole Déglon

  • Review Article |

    Gangopadhyay, Chawla et al. examine the neural bases of social decision-making at different processing stages and across humans, non-human primates and rodents. These examinations underscore the importance of the medial prefrontal–amygdala pathways.

    • Prabaha Gangopadhyay
    • , Megha Chawla
    • , Olga Dal Monte
    •  & Steve W. C. Chang

  • Review Article |

    Behavioral quantification is changing neuroscience. Pereira et al. provide an overview of the latest advances in motion tracking and behavior prediction and discuss how these methods are used to understand the brain in ways not previously possible.

    • Talmo D. Pereira
    • , Joshua W. Shaevitz
    •  & Mala Murthy

  • News & Views |

    Network neuroscientists envision the brain as a network of nodes (regions) linked via edges (connections). A long-held assumption is that node-centric interactions are the primary phenomena of interest. Faskowitz et al. introduce a novel edge-centric framework with the potential to usher in a new era of discovery in connectomics research.

    • Lucina Q. Uddin

  • Article |

    Using cryo-electron tomography to detect individual GABAA receptors in hippocampal synapses, we discovered a hierarchical and mesophasic organization of inhibitory postsynaptic density proteins that enables efficient synaptic transmission.

    • Yun-Tao Liu
    • , Chang-Lu Tao
    • , Xiaokang Zhang
    • , Wenjun Xia
    • , Dong-Qing Shi
    • , Lei Qi
    • , Cheng Xu
    • , Rong Sun
    • , Xiao-Wei Li
    • , Pak-Ming Lau
    • , Z. Hong Zhou
    •  & Guo-Qiang Bi

  • Review Article |

    In this Primer article, Bijsterbosch and colleagues provide an accessible discussion of the challenges faced in analytical representations of functional brain organization and provide clear recommendations to unite a fractionated field.

    • Janine Bijsterbosch
    • , Samuel J. Harrison
    • , Saad Jbabdi
    • , Mark Woolrich
    • , Christian Beckmann
    • , Stephen Smith
    •  & Eugene P. Duff

  • Article |

    When co-cultured with activated microglia, iPSC-derived interneurons from individuals with schizophrenia and from healthy controls show defects in metabolic pathways, but only the interneurons from individuals with schizophrenia showed prolonged metabolic deficits.

    • Gun-Hoo Park
    • , Haneul Noh
    • , Zhicheng Shao
    • , Peiyan Ni
    • , Yiren Qin
    • , Dongxin Liu
    • , Cameron P. Beaudreault
    • , Joy S. Park
    • , Chiderah P. Abani
    • , James M. Park
    • , Derek T. Le
    • , Sasha Z. Gonzalez
    • , Youxin Guan
    • , Bruce M. Cohen
    • , Donna L. McPhie
    • , Joseph T. Coyle
    • , Thomas A. Lanz
    • , Hualin S. Xi
    • , Changhong Yin
    • , Weihua Huang
    • , Hae-Young Kim
    •  & Sangmi Chung

  • News & Views |

    Chiot and colleagues investigated whether peripheral macrophages play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology, finding that macrophages along peripheral motor neuron axons react to neurodegeneration. Modifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in peripheral macrophages, using bone marrow cell replacement, reduces both macrophage and microglia inflammatory response, delays pathology and increases survival in ALS mouse models.

    • P. Hande Özdinler