Using the chronic brain recordings in the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in four participants with intractable chronic pain, this study identified objective neural biomarkers of subjective pain experience.

Increased neuronal activity and reduced sleep quality emerge in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Calafate et al. show that the sleep–active hypothalamic MCH system is involved in neuronal homeostasis but fails in the early stages of AD.

By reconstructing the complete dendrites and axons for nearly 2,000 neurons in PFC, Gao et al. comprehensively classified dendrite morphology, revealed the relationship between dendrites and axons and mapped the mesoscopic PFC neural network.

Using depth electrodes in human patients, scientists at the Mayo Clinic found that the map of the body in motor cortex extends deep into the central sulcus. Unexpectedly, the nonsomatotopic ‘Rolandic motor association’ (RMA) area interrupts this organization.

By reconstructing the complete dendrites and axons for nearly 2,000 neurons in PFC, Gao et al. comprehensively classified dendrite morphology, revealed the relationship between dendrites and axons and mapped the mesoscopic PFC neural network.

Behaviors often consist of sequences of component actions. Cury and Axel identify distinct classes of sensory neurons that control the transitions between the components of egg laying in the fly that afford this behavior an adaptive flexibility.

Using the chronic brain recordings in the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex in four participants with intractable chronic pain, this study identified objective neural biomarkers of subjective pain experience.

Using depth electrodes in human patients, scientists at the Mayo Clinic found that the map of the body in motor cortex extends deep into the central sulcus. Unexpectedly, the nonsomatotopic ‘Rolandic motor association’ (RMA) area interrupts this organization.

The authors associate a novel genomic risk score with a broad set of psychiatric symptoms in children. They trace the impact of associated genes on cerebellar developmental processes that originate in fetal life and endure through early adolescence.

Increased neuronal activity and reduced sleep quality emerge in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Calafate et al. show that the sleep–active hypothalamic MCH system is involved in neuronal homeostasis but fails in the early stages of AD.

As Nature Neuroscience celebrates its 25th anniversary, we are having conversations with both established leaders in the field and those earlier in their careers to discuss how the field has evolved and where it is heading. This month we are talking to Klaus-Armin Nave (Director at the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Germany), a glia researcher and molecular biologist who is interested in glia–neuron interactions and a pioneer in the study of the ability of myelinating cells to metabolically support axons.

As Nature Neuroscience celebrates its 25th anniversary, we are having conversations with both established leaders in the field and those earlier in their careers to discuss how neuroscience has evolved and where it is heading. This month, we are talking to Lucina Q. Uddin, professor-in-residence at Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at the University of California Los Angeles and the 2022–2023 Chair of the Diversity & Inclusivity Committee for the Organization for Human Brain Mapping. She uses neuroimaging to study brain networks that support behavior in typically developing children and children with autism. She spoke with me about how she became interested in neuroscience, her career trajectory, and personal experiences that led to her efforts in promoting diversity, equity and inclusion.

This month, Nature Neuroscience celebrates the 25th anniversary of our first issue. To mark the occasion, we reflect on the past quarter of a century of the journal and the field, and look to the future.