The features of astrocytes surrounding CNS lesions are unclear. Here the authors show that after spinal cord injury or stroke in mice, mature astrocytes dedifferentiate, proliferate and are reprogrammed to adopt features of wound repair cells and form borders, re-establishing CNS integrity.

This Review provides a framework for incorporating APOE into Alzheimer’s disease (AD) clinical care by bridging recent advances in APOE and AD research with emerging clinical applications for APOE testing and ApoE-targeted therapies.

The authors examine the role of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) in learning complex timing behavior. MEC inactivation disrupts task learning, and MEC time cells display context-dependent dynamics that evolve over learning and predict timing behavior.

A probe incorporating 1,024 simultaneously recorded channels with shank length up to 90 mm exhibits high chronic recording stability and enables brain-wide large-scale neural population recordings with single-cell resolution in non-human primates.

Using a closed-loop virtual reality system, the authors show that optic flow cues can causally drive and recalibrate the hippocampal place cell system in the absence of an absolute spatial reference frame defined by external landmarks.

The involvement of age-related myelin damage in Alzheimer’s disease is unclear. Kedia et al. show that T cell-mediated microglia activation triggers a response against myelinating oligodendrocytes contributing to neurodegenerative diseases with amyloidosis.

A probe incorporating 1,024 simultaneously recorded channels with shank length up to 90 mm exhibits high chronic recording stability and enables brain-wide large-scale neural population recordings with single-cell resolution in non-human primates.

The mechanisms underlying human cell diversity are unclear. Here the authors provide a single-cell epigenome map of human neural organoid development and dissect how epigenetic changes control cell fate specification from pluripotency to distinct cerebral and retina neural types.

The features of astrocytes surrounding CNS lesions are unclear. Here the authors show that after spinal cord injury or stroke in mice, mature astrocytes dedifferentiate, proliferate and are reprogrammed to adopt features of wound repair cells and form borders, re-establishing CNS integrity.

This theoretical study shows that dopaminergic reward prediction error neurons encode experienced rewards efficiently, which explains four major aspects of the neural population. This efficient code can be learned with local updates for each neuron.

To celebrate Pride month in the USA, Nature Neuroscience is having conversations with LGBTQIA+ scientists across multiple career stages to discuss their personal and professional experiences in research. In this Q&A, we are talking to Aniruddha Das, an associate professor at Columbia University, New York, USA. Das’s research uses macaque models to explore the cognitive basis of visual processing, attention, and motivation.

To celebrate Pride month in the USA, Nature Neuroscience is having conversations with LGBTQIA+ scientists across multiple career stages to discuss their personal and professional experiences in research. In this Q&A, we are talking to Laura Huckins, an associate professor at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. Huckins’ research focuses primarily on the genetics of eating disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as the development of statistical and multi-omic methods for use in genome-wide association studies (GWASs).

To celebrate Pride month in the USA, Nature Neuroscience is having conversations with LGBTQIA+ scientists across multiple career stages to discuss their personal and professional experiences in research. In this Q&A, we are talking to Alexandra Keinath, an assistant professor at the University of Illinois, Chicago, USA. Keinath’s research uses both rodent and human models to investigate the neural representations of spatial memory and navigation.