Review Articles

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  • Recent years have seen significant growth of electric vehicles and extensive development of energy storage technologies. This Review evaluates the potential of a series of promising batteries and hydrogen fuel cells in their deployment in automotive electrification.

    • Zachary P. Cano
    • Dustin Banham
    • Zhongwei Chen
    Review Article
  • The battery manufacturing process significantly affects battery performance. This Review provides an introductory overview of production technologies for automotive batteries and discusses the importance of understanding relationships between the production process and battery performance.

    • Arno Kwade
    • Wolfgang Haselrieder
    • Klaus Droeder
    Review Article
  • Electrification is seen as the future of automotive industry, and deployment of electric vehicles largely depends on the development of rechargeable batteries. Here, the authors survey the state-of-the-art advances in active materials, electrolytes and cell chemistries for automotive batteries.

    • Richard Schmuch
    • Ralf Wagner
    • Martin Winter
    Review Article
  • Energy planning models enable assessments of how energy systems may evolve in the future under different scenarios. Historically, they originate from developed nations. This Review analyses 34 models and explores the gaps that need to be addressed for their application in developing contexts.

    • Kumar Biswajit Debnath
    • Monjur Mourshed
    Review Article
  • Transparency offers integration routes unavailable to opaque photovoltaics. Here, Lunt and co-workers review recent progress in transparent solar technologies, highlight technical challenges and measurement considerations, and review performance requirements for various applications.

    • Christopher J. Traverse
    • Richa Pandey
    • Richard R. Lunt
    Review Article
  • Thermal effects on batteries, both due to external variations and internal fluctuations, significantly impact their performance. Ajayan and colleagues survey recent advances in understanding the thermal effects on individual battery components.

    • Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues
    • Ganguli Babu
    • Pulickel M. Ajayan
    Review Article
  • Publically funded energy technology research is critical for a successful low–carbon energy transition, but future uncertainty means decision–making is difficult. This Review explores the role of expert elicitations, integrated assessment models and decision frameworks in informing energy technology policy.

    • Laura Díaz Anadón
    • Erin Baker
    • Valentina Bosetti
    Review Article
  • Understanding of defect physics in perovskite-halide semiconductors is essential to control the effects of structural and chemical defects on the performance of perovskite solar cells. Petrozza and Ball review the current knowledge of defects in these materials.

    • James M. Ball
    • Annamaria Petrozza
    Review Article
  • Following on from ITER, a fusion demonstration reactor will be needed to showcase the commercial viability of fusion energy. To guide preliminary design considerations, this Review explores safety gaps that must be filled between current fission reactors, ITER and future fusion reactors.

    • Y. Wu
    • Z. Chen
    • D. Perrault
    Review Article
  • Lithium–air batteries offer great promise for high-energy storage capability but also pose tremendous challenges for their realization. This Review surveys recent advances in understanding the fundamental science that governs lithium–air battery operation, focusing on the reactions at the oxygen electrode.

    • Doron Aurbach
    • Bryan D. McCloskey
    • Peter G. Bruce
    Review Article
  • Li–S batteries are a low-cost and high-energy storage system but their full potential is yet to be realized. This Review surveys recent advances in understanding polysulfide chemistry at the positive electrode and the electrolyte and discusses approaches towards long-life and high-loading batteries.

    • Quan Pang
    • Xiao Liang
    • Linda F. Nazar
    Review Article
  • The development of supercapacitors requires fundamental understanding of the ion adsorption and charge storage mechanism. Salanne et al. review both chemical and physical aspects of the mechanism in carbon- and oxide-based supercapacitors.

    • M. Salanne
    • B. Rotenberg
    • P. Simon
    Review Article
  • The capture, storage and conversion of gases such as hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide may play a key role in the provision of carbon-neutral energy. This Review explores the role of metal–organic frameworks — porous networks of metal ions or clusters connected by organic linkers — for such applications.

    • Alexander Schoedel
    • Zhe Ji
    • Omar M. Yaghi
    Review Article
  • Tracking the Sun's motion in concentrating photovoltaics by rotating the whole system is impractical and hinders commercial deployment. Instead, integrated-tracking approaches, which are discussed in this Review, are more suitable for low-cost, rooftop applications.

    • Harry Apostoleris
    • Marco Stefancich
    • Matteo Chiesa
    Review Article
  • Solar cells based on solution-processed colloidal quantum dots are promising alternatives to conventional devices. This Review discusses recent advances and outstanding challenges for the field of quantum dot solar cells towards their commercialization.

    • Mingjian Yuan
    • Mengxia Liu
    • Edward H. Sargent
    Review Article