Phase transitions in charge density wave materials could be useful for memory and electronic device applications. Here, the authors correlate the temperature-driven transitions in the electrical and optical properties of H-TaS₂/1T-TaS₂ heterostructures to the number of endotaxial metallic H-TaS₂ monolayers.

Combinatorial optimization problems can be solved on parallel hardware called Ising machines. Most studies have focused on the use of second-order Ising machines. Compared to second-order Ising machines, the authors show that higher-order Ising machines realized with coupled-oscillator networks can be more resource-efficient and provide superior solutions for constraint satisfaction problems.

Green chemical transformations driven by renewable energies are imperative to realize a sustainable energy society. We demonstrate a coupled approach to hydrogenate biomass feedstock into valuable chemicals with high stability using hydrogen generated in situ in a (photo)electrochemical reactor.

The Authors in this work predict the radiation of twisted bilayer photonic crystals to host an optical vortex in the far field, which is enabled by connecting BIC modes in photonic crystals with the free space through a ‘moiré channel’.

It is essential to investigate the formation mechanism of closed pore, which contributes to low-voltage plateau capacity of hard carbon anode in sodium ion batteries. Herein, the authors explore the impact of wood precursor components and carbonization temperature on closed pore formation in hard carbon for enhanced battery performance.

Radial cracks observed in minerals formed at ultrahigh pressure and now found at the Earth’s surface are explained by ultrafast decompression, which challenges the idea of fast and significant displacement of rocks during their exhumation.

Soil-liquefaction is a catastrophic seismic hazard, usually attributed to poor drainage. Here the authors show that liquefaction driven by fluid drainage explains puzzling triggering far from the earthquake source, where shaking is less energetic

This study tests the case for the absorption of current fossil fuel workers in emerging green jobs from the perspective of their skills and location. It finds location to be a barrier in a Just Transition for these workers.

Dixit et al. trace emissions from the extraction and transport of oil. They quantify emissions variability among crude blends and suggest how this variability could be used to further reduce emissions under scenarios for reduced future oil demand.

Enzymatic degradation of pollutants under mild conditions is promising for efficient degradation of environmental contaminants under facile operation conditions, but natural enzymes tend to lose enzymatic activity in environmental application scenarios. Here, the authors report a metal-organic frameworks-based artificial enzyme system to achieve high hydrolytic activity under mild conditions.

When and how microglia engulf synapses and myelin is still unclear. Here, the authors provide a suite of flow cytometry-based approaches to quantify engulfment, paving the way for high-throughput assessment of microglial function in health and disease.

γδ T cells are unique T lymphocytes with cytotoxic functions, targeting infections and tumours. Here authors show that the target killing function of γδ T cells is tightly regulated at the level of the availability of lytic molecules granzyme B and perforin.

Viruses are ubiquitous in the oceans, exhibiting high abundance and diversity. Here, Yi et al. present a systematic catalogue and analysis of genomic sequences from marine prokaryotes and their proviruses, thus contributing to a better understanding of the ecology of these microorganisms.

The mechanisms behind the negative effects of social isolation on social species are unclear. Here, the authors examine colonies of carpenter ants, finding that behavioral, physiological, and lifespan changes may be caused by oxidative stress.

Using a multi-OMICS approach, Haas et al identify 54 human genes and 16 host-targeting chemical compounds that regulate influenza A virus infection in lung epithelial cells, including AHNAK and COBP1 which are also essential for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has been associated with aberrant expansion of KRT5-expressing basal cells. Here the authors show how changes in the ECM glycoprotein SPARC restrict the movement of KRT5+ cells, affecting their retention within fibrotic tissue.

The principles underpinning the projection patterns of the thalamus to the cortex are not well characterised. Here, the authors reveal a medial to lateral thalamic gradient of genetic and connectomic variation which aligns with an anterior to posterior cortical pattern.

The regulation and intracellular transport of Ca²⁺ in immune cells involves Ca²⁺ release-activated Ca²⁺ (CRAC) channels. Here the authors show targeting CRAC components Orai1 and Orai2 modulates pulmonary ILC2 cells altering their metabolism, function and is linked to alleviation of immunopathology in a murine model of allergic airway disease.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

IFNγ signalling has been described as a potential driver of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Here the authors report that PARP14 is upregulated in chronic IFNγ-treated cancer cell models and that its inhibition restores response to anti-PD-1 therapy in preclinical cancer models.

Earthworms contribute to plant growth. Here, Fonte et al. conduct a global meta-analysis and estimate that earthworms contribute to roughly 6.5% of global grain (maize, rice, wheat, barley) production and 2.3% of legume yields, equivalent to over 140 million metric tons annually.

This study tests the case for the absorption of current fossil fuel workers in emerging green jobs from the perspective of their skills and location. It finds location to be a barrier in a Just Transition for these workers.

Dixit et al. trace emissions from the extraction and transport of oil. They quantify emissions variability among crude blends and suggest how this variability could be used to further reduce emissions under scenarios for reduced future oil demand.

This study indicates that allowing up to 20% abated fossil fuel in China’s power generation system could reduce the power shortage rate by up to 9% in 2050, and increase system resilience during weather events relative to a zero fossil fuel system.

Temporal causation models perform poorly in causal inference for variables with limited temporal variations. This paper establishes a causal inference model, which can reveal the nonlinear complex casual associations based on cross-sectional Earth System data.