Chromatographic enantioseparation requires tedious trials to find proper experimental conditions. Here, the authors construct a deep learning model to predict retention times of chiral molecules and obtain the separation probability under given conditions.

The donor-acceptor (D-A) interaction and exciton binding energy have been investigated for a series of D-A pairs by DFT calculations. Here, the authors synthesize the corresponding D-A COFs, and demonstrate that their photocatalytic hydrogen production activities match well with the calculation results.

Chemical fuel-driven supramolecular systems have been developed showing out of-equilibrium functions such as transient gelation and oscillations but these systems suffer from undesired waste accumulation and they function only in open systems. Here, the authors we report non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerizations in a closed system, which is built by viologens and pyranine in the presence of hydrazine hydrate.

Photonic crystals are often prepared by assembly of particles into periodically arranged structures, but it is challenging to fabricate these materials using lignin nanoparticles. Here, the authors report the use of centrifugation to fabricate photonic crystals with rainbow structural colors.

Ultracold atoms are generated in the lab using optical trapping and cooling. Here the authors implement a fiber-coupled photonic integrated circuit for a beam delivery to a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap where greater than 1 million rubidium atoms are cooled near 200 μK.

The impact of climate change on Holocene human activity in the Altai-Sayan region of Central Asia is unclear. Here, the authors use pollen, biogenic silica, and isotope records from lake cores to show that the climate prompted human population expansion and intensified cultural exchange during the Bronze Age.

In this study, the authors use a thermodynamically constrained model of melt-mush reaction to simulate the chemical, mineralogical, and physical consequences of reactive flow in a multi-component mush system.

Nitrogen loss due to soil denitrification in global natural ecosystems is quantified using an isotope-benchmarking method, and is overestimated by almost two times in the current earth system models.

This study presents a deep learning pipeline to automatically locate and count large herds of migratory ungulates (wildebeest and zebra) in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem using fine resolution satellite imagery. The results achieve accurate detection of nearly 500,000 individuals across thousands of square kilometers and multiple habitat types.

New paper by Bian and colleagues shows that oceanic mesoscale eddies act as a dominant driver of #marine #heatwave life cycles over most parts of the global #ocean.

The trade-off between grain number and grain weight is a major obstacle for increasing rice yield. Here, the authors show that variation in 5’ UTR of OsMADS17 can simultaneously increase grain number and grain weight through decreasing mRNA translation efficiency.

Deoxycytidine kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme of the salvage pathway and it has recently emerged as a target for antiproliferative therapies for cancers where it is essential. Here, the authors develop a potent inhibitor applying an iterative multidisciplinary approach, which relies on computational design coupled with experimental evaluations.

Improvement of chilling tolerance is a key strategy in rice production. Here the authors report that the QTL gene COG1 confers chilling tolerance in japonica rice. COG1 interacts and activates OsSERL2 to transmit the cold signal for chilling defense.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry. Here, Kandeil et al. show that the Western movement of this clade was followed by reassortment with viruses circulating in wild birds in North America which resulted in different genotypes exhibiting a wide range of disease severity in mammal models (mice, ferrets, chicken) ranging from asymptomatic disease to severe neurological pathology.

Estrogen controls female fertility in part via restraining or promoting kisspeptin (Kiss1)-neuron activity in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus and the AVPV hypothalamic nucleus, respectively. Here the authors report that estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) interacts with the genome and the nuclear receptor co-repressor NR0B1 (DAX1) to manifest region-specific actions on Kiss1 expression.

Whether a relationship exists between cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease has been a source of controversy. Here, the authors show there is a very weak temporal relationship between the progression of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers and those of cerebrovascular disease.

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, accurate hospitalization predictions are vital. Here, the authors show that a deep learning model based on statistical mechanics is able to forecast hospitalizations, supporting targeted vaccination efforts.

Daly, Danson and colleagues employ a multi-omic approach in neuroglioma cells to characterise endolysosomal dysfunction caused by perturbation of the evolutionarily conserved Retromer complex, highlighting Retromer’s neuroprotective function.

Estrogen controls female fertility in part via restraining or promoting kisspeptin (Kiss1)-neuron activity in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus and the AVPV hypothalamic nucleus, respectively. Here the authors report that estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) interacts with the genome and the nuclear receptor co-repressor NR0B1 (DAX1) to manifest region-specific actions on Kiss1 expression.

Fibroblasts are an established cell type permissive for cytomegalovirus infection. Here the authors identify a population of fibroblast cells that can support murine cytomegalovirus lytic and latent virus infection in vivo and propose STAT1 as critically involved in murine cytomegalovirus latency.

While minimal in most host countries, the water needed to produce the food consumed by refugees can have a large effect on water stress in vulnerable countries. Small changes to food trade and refugee resettlement policies can alleviate this unequal burden.

Federated learning enables multi-institutional collaborations on decentralized data with improved privacy protection. Here, authors propose a new scheme for decentralized federated learning with much less communication overhead and stronger privacy.

This study proposes an alternative approach for assessing CO₂ responsibility of capital assets, through allocating required CO₂ from the production of assets over their lifespans of use. It improves the assessment of emission equity across generations.

Population growth in China has increased the demand for food. Combining data-driven projections with field experiments, Luo et al. find that China can achieve self-sufficiency in maize production by 2030 implementation of optimal planting density and management without expanding cropping areas.

Lower income is associated with smaller hippocampal volume and mental health problems. Here, the authors show that this association is weaker in areas of the United States that are less expensive or that have a stronger social safety net.