The authors report a flow-cell system equipped with highly-electrolyte permeable Rh diffusion cathode for electrocatalytic hydrogenation of important bio-oil aromatic molecules at industrial-scale current densities.

Previous work on charge Kondo circuits, in which a spin is formed by two degenerate charge states of a metallic island, has been limited to transport measurements of multi-channel Kondo problems. Piquard et al. use thermodynamic measurements via a charge sensor to study the evolution of a single Kondo impurity.

The authors report ultrafast transport measurements on the photo-excited superconducting state in K₃C₆₀. They observe characteristic superconducting nonlinear current-voltage responses.

Interlayer coupling strength classifies 2D materials into layered and non-layered types. Here authors introduce the concept of quasi-layered domino-structured materials, the interlayer of which have a synergistic blend of vdW forces and covalent bonds.

The fractional quantum Hall state at the filling factor 5/2 has been intensively studied due to its predicted non-Abelian statistics. Petrescu et al. measure the composite fermion effective mass of this state and find that it is several times larger than that in the half-filled lowest Landau level.

Future aerosol reductions significantly contribute to climate warming and increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather toward carbon neutrality. Aerosol impacts far outweigh those of greenhouse gases and tropospheric ozone.

Hou et al. propose, based on dinocysts, clumped isotopes and ice sheet modelling, that during Miocene cooling, the Antarctic ice sheet progressively lowered in height while expanding seawards, to maintain a relatively stable volume.

The authors map beliefs in climate change and their correlates in Latin America. The study shows skepticism over the existence and anthropogenic origins of climate change to be limited, but identifies a high number of skeptics around the severity of its consequences. Results also show individualistic worldviews to be the most powerful driver of climate change beliefs in the region.

The authors find a significant increase in daily maximum temperature warming rates, while daily minimum temperatures remain stable over land in recent decades. This may be due to reduced cloud cover, leading to increased incoming solar radiation.

Coastal upwelling regions are among the most productive marine ecosystems but may be threatened by amplified ocean acidification. Here the authors show from community to molecular levels that phytoplankton in an upwelling region respond to short-term acidification exposure with iron uptake pathways and strategies that reduce cellular iron demand.

Spatial omics technologies reveal the organisation of cells in various biological systems. Here, authors propose SLAT, a graph-based algorithm for aligning heterogenous data across technologies, modalities and timepoints, enabling spatiotemporal reconstruction of complex developmental processes.

Here, authors develop trRosettaRNA, a deep learning-based approach for predicting RNA 3D structures. Blind tests demonstrate that the automated predictions compete effectively with top human predictions on natural RNAs.

The authors characterized puncta in the ASC complex by correlative light microscopy and cryo-ET in cells and propose an ultrastructure of the ASC filament network.

Bacteria of the phylum Planctomycetes display unique cell biology features but are relatively understudied. Here, the authors report a genome-wide analysis of essential gene content in a planctomycete, providing insights into the divergent molecular and cell biology of these organisms.

Five-prime single-cell RNA-seq, especially the read 1, has precise capture of transcription start sites (TSS), but such information is often overlooked. Here, authors present a computational method suite, CamoTSS, to precisely identify TSS and quantify its expression, enabling effective detection of alternative TSS usage in different biological processes.

Temporalis muscle thickness is a promising marker of lean muscle mass but has had limited utility due to its unknown normal growth trajectory and lack of standardized measurement. Here, the authors develop an automated deep learning pipeline to accurately measure temporalis muscle thickness from routine brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Epacadostat is a selective IDO1 inhibitor shown to promote anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical models, however it has failed in a Phase III clinical trial for treating metastatic melanoma. Here the authors design a sphingomyelin-derived nanovesicle system for epacadostat delivery with improved pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor activity when combined with a PD-1 inhibitor in melanoma preclinical models.

Here, Chen et. al. characterize the relationship between the gut microbiota and plasma metabolite changes in the context of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), unveiling a role of butyrate-producing bacteria and their ketogenesis in post-STEMI cardiac repair, a finding validated in nonhuman primate and mouse models. They show that butyrate supplementation reduces myocardial infarction severity in mice, underscoring the significance of butyrate-producing bacteria and beta-hydroxybutyrate in improving post-MI outcomes.

Here, Liu et al show that enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli utilizes host- and microbiota-derived L-malate as an essential nutrient and signalling molecule to promote its growth and colonization in the large intestine.

The use of a standardized outcome metric enhances clinical trial interpretation and cross-trial comparison. Here, the authors show the implementation of such a metric using type 1 diabetes trial data, reassess and compare results from these trials, and extend its use to define response to therapy.

Green technologies foster the use of green energy; however, large investment costs hinder adoption. In a large-scale field experiment, the authors show that message framing can promote a serious commitment to solar panels among the broader public.

Here the authors explore the connectedness of the carbon, energy, and metals markets. They find asymmetric effects of climate risk with higher physical risk impacts on upward risk spillovers, and greater transition risk effects on the downside risk of kurtosis connectedness.

Over their careers, medicinal chemists develop a gut feeling for what is a promising molecule. Here, the authors use machine learning models to learn this intuition and show that it can be successfully applied in several drug discovery scenarios.

The mechanism of confidence formation in learning remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show that both dorsal and ventral prefrontal networks encode confidence, but only the ventral network incorporates the valence-induced bias.

Membrane distillation is an emerging desalination technology to obtain freshwater from saline based on low-grade energy. Here the authors report on novel superhydrophobic hierarchical porous membranes with enhanced distillation flux suitable for desalination or wastewater treatment.