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  • Ongoing climate change has the potential to reduce people’s direct experiences with nature, leading to or further exacerbating the ‘extinction of experience’. We argue that understanding these impacts is crucial, as the extinction of experience can have adverse consequences for both humans and the natural environment.

    • Masashi Soga
    • Kevin J. Gaston
    Comment
  • Accurate representation of permafrost carbon emissions is crucial for climate projections, yet current Earth system models inadequately represent permafrost carbon. Sustained funding opportunities are needed from government and private sectors for prioritized model development.

    • Christina Schädel
    • Brendan M. Rogers
    • Susan M. Natali
    Comment
  • Despite the promise of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) to improve food security in South Asia, most CSA practices and technologies have not been widely adopted. We identify the key barriers to CSA adoption in South Asia and suggest strategies to overcome them to increase CSA adoption at scale.

    • Asif Ishtiaque
    • Timothy J. Krupnik
    • Meha Jain
    Comment
  • The triple climate inequality crisis, or disparities in contributions, impacts and capacity to act within and between countries, is a central issue in addressing climate change. This Comment advocates for progressive wealth taxation as a viable solution to the finance gap.

    • Lucas Chancel
    • Philipp Bothe
    • Tancrède Voituriez
    Comment
  • Policies and psychological approaches often overemphasize individual agency, overlooking how socioeconomic inequality can constrain access to low-carbon alternatives. We argue that tackling these inequalities is urgent for impactful, equitable behaviour change.

    • Charlotte A. Kukowski
    • Emma E. Garnett
    Comment
  • Communal life is characterized by the shared timing of human and environmental events. Climate change is disrupting these timings, creating mismatches in these coordinated temporal patterns and requiring adaptive governance.

    • Scott Bremer
    • Nicole Klenk
    • Danielle Kwan-Lafond
    Comment
  • Recent criticisms have suggested that future emissions are unlikely to lead to the warmest climate scenario available (SSP5–8.5), which has resulted in the second highest scenario (SSP3–7.0) receiving increased attention. The distinctiveness of SSP3–7.0 has not been well recognized, but it is relevant for the proper interpretation of studies that use this scenario.

    • Hideo Shiogama
    • Shinichiro Fujimori
    • Toshihiko Takemura
    Comment
  • If rapid and just transformations to low-carbon societies are to take place, citizens need to obtain the necessary knowledge and skills to critically examine and choose adequate climate policy options. An emphasis on critical climate education research and implementation is therefore required.

    • Hanne Svarstad
    • Alfredo Jornet
    • Tor A. Benjaminsen
    Comment
  • Extreme weather event attribution techniques quantify anthropogenic contributions to extreme weather disasters, but recently it was argued they are not yet ready to inform decisions on loss and damage funding. Here, we assert that they can substantially help formulate allocations to impacted vulnerable countries for the most damaging extreme events.

    • Ilan Noy
    • Michael Wehner
    • Rebecca Newman
    Comment
  • Climate models have evolved from research tools to underpin decision-making across the globe. To provide optimal value for society in the future, the models need to be made operational.

    • Christian Jakob
    • Andrew Gettelman
    • Andrew Pitman
    Comment
  • Climate education is seen as a key driver for behavioural change, yet it is usually not continued universally to higher-education level. With the increasing demand from both students and employers, we propose methods that incorporate climate education from multiple disciplines into current curriculums.

    • Anil Padhra
    • Elham Tolouei
    Comment
  • Climate emotions permeate student learning and research activities, but their influence is poorly understood and often ignored in higher education. We develop recommendations for instructors, research mentors and institutional leaders to enhance educational and research outcomes for students grappling with challenging climate emotions.

    • Peter T. Pellitier
    • Michelle Ng
    • Britt D. Wray
    Comment
  • Climate change education is crucial to countries in the Global South due to their contribution and vulnerability to the climate crisis. However, institutionalizing and implementing climate change education is particularly challenging in developing nations, given inadequate motivation and limited capacity.

    • Jieqi Ma
    • Yongqin David Chen
    Comment
  • The global stocktake (GST) could both enable and hamper the inclusion of equity. This Comment outlines why equity is central to the GST and the challenges faced in addressing it, as well as the utility of needs-based assessments for advancing equity within the GST and the climate action generally.

    • Sonja Klinsky
    Comment
  • Ice melt processes that take place at the ice–ocean boundary of Greenland and Antarctic glaciers play a pivotal role in their evolution and contribution to sea-level rise, but widespread observations in these regions are lacking. A major observational initiative will be necessary to drastically reduce uncertainties in projections and better prepare society for sea-level rise.

    • Eric Rignot
    Comment
  • Better integration of climate action and sustainable development can help enhance the ambition of the next nationally determined contributions, as well as implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Governments should use this year as an opportunity to emphasize the links between climate and sustainable development.

    • Lukas Hermwille
    • Adis Dzebo
    • Wolfgang Obergassel
    Comment
  • Non-state actors play an essential role in the fabric of global climate governance. Here we propose four tailored strategies that non-state actors can mobilize to advance climate action among states and harness the potential of the global stocktake.

    • Jonathan William Kuyper
    • Vegard Tørstad
    Comment
  • The global stocktake seeks to enhance climate ambition through assessment and review of collective efforts every five years. A recent breakthrough in finance for addressing loss and damage is an opportunity to strengthen the finance agenda and rebuild much needed trust in the multilateral system.

    • C. Watson
    • L. Gonzalez
    Comment
  • Inconsistent climate projections for much of the Global South from six generations of IPCC assessments have compounded the many challenges it faces in adapting to climate change. Here, we propose using emerging technologies and strengthening international collaborations to address these challenges.

    • Saroj K. Mishra
    • Pankaj Upadhyaya
    • In-Sik Kang
    Comment