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Imaging of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and their interorganelle lipid transport in live cells, using azido-choline and a spatially limited bioorthogonal tag, suggests that autophagosomal membranes originate from the ER.
Changes in O-GlcNAc levels controlled the actin contraction of fibroblasts in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Specifically, O-GlcNAc modification of the phosphatase MYPT1 maintains its activity to block S1P signaling.
Cryo-EM structural work shows sterols binding at four adjacent locations within the class F GPCR Smoothened (SMO), where the transmembrane core functions as a sterol tunnel in which occupancy activates SMO for downstream Hedgehog signaling.
Incorporation of the non-canonical amino acid 3-aminotyrosine into the chromophores of green fluorescent protein-based biosensors systematically red-shifts their fluorescent properties while maintaining brightness, dynamic range and responsiveness.
Reengineering of the lac operon in E. coli from a ligand-inducible to a blue-light-regulated gene expression system facilitates optogenetic control of biotechnological applications including metabolic engineering and protein expression.
Pyruvate-responsive circuits based on an orthologous transcription factor and adaptation of an antisense transcriptional circuit were developed to sense pyruvate in Bacillus subtilis and redirect metabolism for optimized glucaric acid production.
An irreversible small-molecule inhibitor of histone methyltransferase NSD1 is developed, which binds covalently to the C2062 residue in the catalytic SET domain and represses H3K36 dimethylation and target gene expression in leukemia cells.
A cell-free system for cannabinoid production uses only low-cost inputs with 12 enzymes and can operate either aerobically or anaerobically, in addition to reducing ATP requirements by use of an engineered system for malonate-CoA biosynthesis.
Structural and biochemical analysis of E. coli transketolase with 2′-methoxy-thiamine shows that this antivitamin selectively inhibits the bacterial enzyme via a steric clash with a critical glutamate residue, preventing cofactor activation.
Cryo-EM structural work defines binding of the insecticide CHL in the pseudo-voltage-sensor domain of ryanodine receptor RyR that triggers conformational changes leading to channel opening and explains the resistance to CHL by some insects.
A chemical screen targeting major epigenetic pathways identifies permissive epigenetic states that enable reprogramming with a broad range of transcriptional regulators and almost all octamer-binding (OCT) family members.
The interaction between E1 and E2 is targeted by a stapled peptide that mimics the alpha-1 helix of E2, resulting in blockade of ubiquitin transfer from E1 to E2.
Structural and biophysical approaches suggest that structural preorganization is important for triggering endogenous CD8+ T cells and escape from immune tolerance, as demonstrated by a single nonsynonymous mutation in an ovarian cancer neoepitope
Application of an electrical field to Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms stimulates production of OmcZ nanowires, which undergo a pH-induced conformational switch that causes increased stiffness and conductivity due to enhanced heme group π-stacking.
An αHER2 antibody–neuraminidase conjugate, which selectively targets the removal of sialic acids from glycans on breast cancer cells, bypasses a glycoimmune checkpoint and enhances tumor cell killing by the host immune system.
Genetic screens reveal a compendium of metabolic modifiers of lipid peroxidation. Tetrahydrobiopterin is essential under GPX4 inhibition, acting as a radical-trapping antioxidant that inhibits lipid peroxidation and is regenerated by DHFR.
The fluorescent chemogenetic reporters greenFAST and redFAST were engineered by protein engineering. They display orthogonal fluorogen recognition and spectral properties allowing efficient multicolor imaging of proteins in live cells and organisms.
Among the adhesion receptor class of GPCRs, which are understudied, the adhesion receptor ADGRL3 can be activated by its own tethered agonist and couples to G protein G12/13 and somewhat to Gq.
A mitochondria-activatable bioluminescent probe was designed enabling sensitive, non-invasive and longitudinal monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro and in vivo.
The combination of heavy isotope labeling and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) is used to quantify modified genomic cytosines in pluripotent stem cells in different states and reveals active turnover of methylcytidine in oxidation-dependent and oxidation-independent manners.