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Protein ubiquitylation in mammals is known to trigger selective autophagy of peroxisomes through a process termed pexophagy. The physiological peroxisomal target for pexophagy-related ubiquitylation has been controversial, but two studies have now identified the protein PEX5 as the real candidate.
The mechanisms underlying integrin-dependent signalling are a topic of continued study. Endocytosed integrins are now shown to drive assembly of signalling complexes on the cytoplasmic face of endocytic membranes to promote cancer cell survival and increase metastatic capacity following cell detachment.
Two studies show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF138 is recruited to DNA double-strand break sites, where it ubiquitylates key repair factors to promote DNA-end resection and homologous recombination. These findings add insights into the multilayered regulatory mechanisms underlying DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice in mammalian cells.
Ding and colleagues show that somatic cell reprogramming does not depend on Atg5-dependent canonical autophagy, but requires mitochondrial clearance in an Atg5-independent manner downstream of AMPK.
Huynh and colleagues discover nuclear rotations driven by centrosomes, microtubules and Dynein in Drosophila germ cells, and find that these movements facilitate the pairing of homologous chromosomes.
Chiolo and colleagues find that, in a SUMOylation-dependent manner, heterochromatic double-strand breaks move to the nuclear periphery where Rad51 is recruited to continue repair.
Ivaska and colleagues report that endocytosed integrins are able to signal from endosomes in an FAK-dependent manner. They further show that endosomal integrin signalling can promote anoikis resistance and lung colonization in cancer cells.
Using TIRF-based in vitro reconstitution assays Surrey and colleagues characterize how chTOG and TPX2 cooperate in microtubule nucleation and find that importins regulate the process.
Lomakin et al. report that the competition for actin between two distinct F-actin networks determines whether epithelial cells remain stationary or migrate, with myosin II inhibiting the migratory polarized phenotype by confining actin in contractile bundles.
Jackson and colleagues and Hendzel and colleagues reveal that the E3 ligase RNF138 functions in the repair of double-strand breaks by promoting CtIP accumulation and displacement of DNA-PK subunit Ku.
Jackson and colleagues and Hendzel and colleagues reveal that the E3 ligase RNF138 functions in the repair of double-strand breaks by promoting CtIP accumulation and displacement of DNA-PK subunit Ku.
Using live imaging of Xenopus and starfish oocytes and embryos undergoing cytokinesis, Bement and colleagues show that anaphase onset promotes cortical waves of Rho and F-actin, which can be modelled by reaction–diffusion dynamics.
Chen and colleagues report that the third enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), 6PGD, controls cancer cell proliferation by regulating LKB1–AMPK signalling. Inhibitors of 6PGD decrease tumorigenesis in mouse xenografts.
Using live imaging, St Johnston and colleagues show in three Drosophila epithelia that cells born outside the epithelium do not die, but reintegrate, and that lateral adhesion is required for reintegration to occur.
