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On collision, cilia and flagella swim backwards owing to the generation of mechanoreceptor potential. Transient Receptor Potential 11 is found to localize to the proximal region of Chamydomonas flagella and to mediate this mechanoperception.
The enzyme telomerase extends telomeres at unprotected chromosomal ends. DNA double-stranded breaks could also form a substrate for telomerase, but DNA damage signalling induces the phosphorylation of the telomerase inhibitor Pif1 at breaks, preventing ectopic addition of telomeres at sites of repair and hence genomic instability.
Vault particles, containing three proteins and non-coding vault RNAs (vRNAs), regulate multidrug resistance. Human vRNAs are found to be processed into several small RNAs (svRNAs), one of which associates with Argonaute proteins to downregulate the expression of CYP3A4, an enzyme involved in drug metabolism.
The actin cytoskleteon is essential for endocytosis in budding yeast but it is less significant in mammalian cells. Actin is shown to be required during plasma membrane invagination in yeast endocytosis due to the turgor pressure that is characteristic of yeast cells