Volume 559 Issue 7714, 19 July 2018

Data on the career paths of young researchers would help to guide the ‘lost generation’.

Emissions of ozone-destroying chemical blamed on Chinese companies, but origin is yet to be confirmed.

Critical thinking and clear definitions still have value in entrenched, polarized discussions, says biologist Alberto Kornblihtt.

The prehistoric mountaineer ‘Ötzi’ consumed a calorie-rich repast before his death.

The first dogs in the Americas were brought to the continent from Siberia.

Giant world traces a speedy orbit around its star.

Adding neutral impurities to diamond offers a promising platform for quantum communications.

Advanced sequencing method yields a complex portrait of breast-cancer cell line.

The deserts of Arabia and northern Africa grew more arid as Europe shivered in the nineteenth century.

Species now largely vanished from the North Atlantic Ocean once calved and migrated in the Mediterranean Sea.

Hydrogen bonds between sugar and nearby molecules help to determine the level of sweetness.

‘Gallium heart’ can be slowed or accelerated by electric current.

The week in science: 13–19 July 2018.

When a subatomic particle from space streaked through Antarctica last September, astrophysicists raced to find the source.

Privacy concerns and cultural differences make some researchers sceptical that the method could work in other countries.

Pilot experiment has seen 26 papers published under open-access terms so far and should yield a report by the end of the year.

The planet now has 79 known moons, including a tiny oddball on a collision course with its neighbours.

The method could minimize damage from disease if a condition is diagnosed in utero.

Uncertainty, hostility and irrelevance are now part of daily life for scientists at the US Environmental Protection Agency.

Applying carbon charges, not trade tariffs, to imports would bolster the Paris Agreement, argue Michael Mehling and colleagues.

Computer scientists must identify sources of bias, de-bias training data and develop artificial-intelligence algorithms that are robust to skews in the data, argue James Zou and Londa Schiebinger.

Discover deep and illuminating summer reads picked by our regular reviewers, leagues away from lab and lecture hall.

Scientists who step back from full-time work can find plenty of ways to remain active in their research field.

Convening a colloquium can help you to build your network and expand your teamwork skills, says Francesco Sciortino.

An electron microscope has been developed that produces images at higher resolution than conventional approaches can achieve, and is suitable for studying fragile materials that can be damaged by electron beams.

An analysis of gene-expression patterns in single cells provides detailed insights into the developmental processes that lead to maturation of the coronary arteries.

High-quality genome sequences for some of the great apes have been assembled using state-of-the-art sequencing tools. The assemblies provide an unbiased comparison between humans and their closest evolutionary relatives.

Prostate-cancer treatment usually fails after time as resistance to therapy develops. It emerges from studies of mice and human cells that a population of immune cells can cause this type of treatment resistance.

The circulation system of the North Atlantic Ocean has weakened and is predicted to weaken further in the coming decades. An analysis suggests that this decline could lead to accelerated global surface warming.

New species of marine fishes are found to emerge at a faster rate in high-latitude oceans, which have lower densities of species, than in the species-rich tropics. Are the tropics too crowded for new species to take hold?

Combining an electron microscope pixel-array detector that collects the entire distribution of scattered electrons with full-field ptychography greatly improves image resolution and contrast compared to traditional techniques, even at low beam energies.

Analysis of genotyping data for more than 150,000 individuals from the UK Biobank using long-range phase information sheds light on mechanisms of clonal haematopoiesis.

During development, new arteries can arise from pre-existing veins; the cell fate switch involved occurs gradually and before the onset of blood flow in mouse embryo hearts.

IL-23 produced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells regulates castration resistance in prostate cancer by sustaining androgen receptor signalling.

DNA-strand-displacement reactions are used to implement a neural network that can distinguish complex and noisy molecular patterns from a set of nine possibilities—an improvement on previous demonstrations that distinguished only four simple patterns.

A robot instructed by a machine learning algorithm and coupled with real-time spectroscopic systems provides fast and accurate reaction outcome predictions and reactivity assessments, leading to the discovery of new reactions.

A 26-million-year record of equatorial sea surface temperatures reveals synchronous changes of tropical and polar temperatures during the Eocene epoch forced by variations in concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, with a constant degree of polar amplification.

In preindustrial times, a weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation led to cooling in the Northern Hemisphere, but now it is predicted to cause accelerated global surface warming.

Contrary to previous hypotheses, high-latitude fish lineages form new species at much faster rates than their tropical counterparts especially in geographical regions that are characterized by low surface temperatures and high endemism.

The career trajectories of around 30,000 artists, film directors and scientists show that individuals in each domain have ‘hot streaks’ during which their works have increased impact, despite showing no increase in productivity.

Individuals who are at high risk of developing acute myeloid leukaemia can be identified years before diagnosis using genetic information from blood samples.

A non-viral strategy to introduce large DNA sequences into T cells enables the correction of a pathogenic mutation that causes autoimmunity, and the replacement of an endogenous T-cell receptor with an engineered receptor that can recognize cancer antigens.

Structural mass spectrometry of full-length human parkin and a structure of the activated parkin core reveal large-scale domain rearrangements involved in activation of parkin by PINK1.

Fungal genome mining targeted to self-resistance genes close to biosynthetic gene clusters identifies a pathway that produces aspterric acid, which proves to be a potent inhibitor of plant growth.

The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae prespliceosome provides insights into splice-site selection and early spliceosome assembly events.

Mass spectrometry-based assays are used to reveal specificity and structural determinants of lipid binding to class A G-protein-coupled receptors, and the effects of specific lipids on receptor coupling to G proteins.