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Volume 510 Issue 7505, 19 June 2014

Water droplets cooling rapidly in vacuum are probed by an intense pulse from a femtosecond X-ray laser before they turn to ice, providing Jonas Sellberg et al. with unique structural information on the deeply supercooled liquid phase in the so-called ‘no-man’s land’, where water’s anomalous properties become strongly enhanced, but where ice forms too quickly for normal measurement techniques to cope. In a second paper Jeremy Palmer et al. explore water in this regime with advanced simulation methods, finding a phase transition between two structurally distinct liquids that could explain many water anomalies. Cover: Gregory Steward, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

Editorial

  • There is much hype about predicting and preventing future pandemics, but not enough is being done about a threat sitting under our noses.

    Editorial

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  • Does reality exist? Fifty years on, Bell’s theorem still divides (and confuses) physicists.

    Editorial
  • A fledgling neuroscience programme is a rare beacon of research excellence in Romania.

    Editorial
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World View

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Research Highlights

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Seven Days

  • The week in science: Chile axes giant hydroelectric dams; calls to dismantle RIKEN’s centre for developmental biology; and Europe’s medicines agency frees data on drug trials.

    Seven Days
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News

  • Digital-photo software promises to offer unprecedented access to artefacts and sites.

    • Ewen Callaway
    News
  • Acacia analysis reveals globetrotting seed trekked 18,000 kilometres from Hawaii to Réunion.

    • Emma Marris
    News
  • Launch date for cohort study set to be delayed as data problems are identified.

    • Heidi Ledford
    News
  • Critics question ethics of allowing pregnant women to receive treatment that falls below the standard in their country.

    • Erika Check Hayden
    News
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News Feature

  • Members of the US National Academy of Sciences have long enjoyed a privileged path to publication in the body's prominent house journal. Meet the scientists who use it most heavily.

    • Peter Aldhous
    News Feature
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Comment

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Books & Arts

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Correspondence

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News & Views

  • The finding that phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase δ restrains the antitumour immune response by promoting the action of suppressive immune cells may broaden the applicability of drugs targeting this enzyme to multiple cancers. See Letter p.407

    • Emilio Hirsch
    • Francesco Novelli
    News & Views
  • “It is difficult to make predictions, especially about the future,” goes the proverb. A study of the dynamics of chaotic systems in the context of information theory adds a twist to this saying.

    • P.-M. Binder
    • R. M. Pipes
    News & Views
  • Undernourished children fall behind not only on growth, but also on maturation of their intestinal bacterial communities, according to a study comparing acutely malnourished and healthy Bangladeshi children. See Letter p.417

    • Elizabeth K. Costello
    • David A. Relman
    News & Views
  • What gives quantum computers that extra oomph over their classical digital counterparts? An intrinsic, measurable aspect of quantum mechanics called contextuality, it now emerges. See Article p.351

    • Stephen D. Bartlett
    News & Views
  • The enzyme parkin is known to promote disposal of organelles called mitochondria that have suffered damage. The identification of an enzyme that opposes parkin demonstrates how a delicate balance is maintained in the cell. See Article p.370

    • Alban Ordureau
    • J. Wade Harper
    News & Views
  • An approach based on quantum sensing, in which controlled quantum systems serve as precision sensors, has enabled measurement of the weak magnetic interaction between two electrons bound to two separate ions. See Letter p.376

    • Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler
    News & Views
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Article

  • Quantum computing promises advantages over classical computing for certain problems; now ‘quantum contextuality’ — a generalization of the concept of quantum non-locality — is shown to be a critical resource that gives the most promising class of quantum computers their power.

    • Mark Howard
    • Joel Wallman
    • Joseph Emerson
    Article
  • The Eucalyptus grandis genome has been sequenced, revealing the greatest number of tandem duplications of any plant genome sequenced so far, and the highest diversity of genes for specialized metabolites that act as chemical defence and provide unique pharmaceutical oils; genome sequencing of the sister species E. globulus and a set of inbred E. grandis tree genomes reveals dynamic genome evolution and hotspots of inbreeding depression.

    • Alexander A. Myburg
    • Dario Grattapaglia
    • Jeremy Schmutz
    Article Open Access
  • Damaged mitochondria are removed by mitophagy, and defects in mitophagy are linked to Parkinson’s disease; here it is shown that USP30, a deubiquitinase localized to mitochondria, antagonizes mitophagy by removing the ubiquitin tags put in place by Parkin, USP30 inhibition is therefore potentially beneficial for Parkinson’s disease by promoting mitochondrial clearance and quality control.

    • Baris Bingol
    • Joy S. Tea
    • Morgan Sheng
    Article
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Letter

  • A stable crystal phase and two metastable liquid phases of the ST2 model of water exist at the same deeply supercooled condition, and the two liquids undergo a first-order liquid–liquid transition that meets stringent thermodynamic criteria.

    • Jeremy C. Palmer
    • Fausto Martelli
    • Pablo G. Debenedetti
    Letter
  • Seismic data from subduction zones that exhibit slow earthquakes reveal that the ratio of compressional-wave to shear-wave velocity of the overriding forearc crust is linearly related to the average recurrence time of slow earthquakes and that this may be associated with quartz enrichment within the forearc crust.

    • Pascal Audet
    • Roland Bürgmann
    Letter
  • A mouse model of T-cell leukaemia is used to test whether PTEN loss is required for tumour maintenance as well as initiation; although it had little effect on tumour load in haematopoietic organs, PTEN reactivation reduced the CCR9-dependent tumour dissemination to the intestine that was amplified on PTEN loss, exposing the importance of tumour microenvironment in PTEN-deficient settings.

    • Cornelius Miething
    • Claudio Scuoppo
    • Scott W. Lowe
    Letter
  • CFIm25 is identified as a factor that prevents messenger RNAs being shortened due to altered 3′ polyadenylation, which typically occurs when cells undergo high proliferation and correlates with increased tumorigenic activity in glioblastoma tumours.

    • Chioniso P. Masamha
    • Zheng Xia
    • Eric J. Wagner
    Letter
  • Bacterial species whose representation defines healthy postnatal assembly of the gut microbiota in Bangladeshi children during their first 2 years are identified, and a model is constructed to compare healthy children to those with severe acute malnutrition (SAM); results show that SAM is associated with microbiota immaturity that is only partially ameliorated by existing nutritional interventions.

    • Sathish Subramanian
    • Sayeeda Huq
    • Jeffrey I. Gordon
    Letter
  • Crystal structures of human and prokaryotic ribosomal oxygenases reported here, with and without their ribosomal protein substrates, support their assignments as hydroxylases, and provide insights into the evolution of the JmjC-domain-containing hydroxylases and demethylases.

    • Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury
    • Rok Sekirnik
    • Christopher J. Schofield
    Letter
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Corrigendum

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Feature

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Futures

  • The price of freedom.

    • João Ramalho-Santos
    Futures
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