Abstract
Microtubules are cytoskeletal polymers of tubulin involved in many cellular functions. Their dynamic instability is controlled by numerous compounds and proteins, including colchicine1 and stathmin family proteins2,3. The way in which microtubule instability is regulated at the molecular level has remained elusive, mainly because of the lack of appropriate structural data. Here, we present the structure, at 3.5 Å resolution, of tubulin in complex with colchicine and with the stathmin-like domain (SLD) of RB3. It shows the interaction of RB3-SLD with two tubulin heterodimers in a curved complex capped by the SLD amino-terminal domain, which prevents the incorporation of the complexed tubulin into microtubules. A comparison with the structure of tubulin in protofilaments4 shows changes in the subunits of tubulin as it switches from its straight conformation to a curved one. These changes correlate with the loss of lateral contacts and provide a rationale for the rapid microtubule depolymerization characteristic of dynamic instability. Moreover, the tubulin–colchicine complex sheds light on the mechanism of colchicine's activity: we show that colchicine binds at a location where it prevents curved tubulin from adopting a straight structure, which inhibits assembly.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the ESRF for the provision of synchrotron radiation facilities. We thank E. Charbaut for discussions, C. Petosa for critical reading of the manuscript and L. Lebeau for providing us with DAMA-colchicine. This work was supported by grants from the Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer, the CNRS and the INSERM.
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Supplementary information
Supplementary information
Includes supplementary methods, data collection and phasing statistics. (DOC 50 kb)
Supplementary figure 1
Interference between a T2R α subunit and a protofilament β subunit positioned as across an intradimer longitudinal interface. (JPG 39 kb)
Supplementary figure 2
Difference electron density map for podophyllotoxin. (PDF 708 kb)
Supplementary figure 3
Experimental electron density map. (JPG 55 kb)
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Ravelli, R., Gigant, B., Curmi, P. et al. Insight into tubulin regulation from a complex with colchicine and a stathmin-like domain. Nature 428, 198–202 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02393
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02393
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