Supplement in 2016

Countries are spending more than ever on research and development, but the fields they fund vary depending on national priorities. And it is not just the research reputation that matters when choosing whether to move abroad — cost of living and quality-of-life are factors too.

A small science community offers opportunities in a dramatic landscape, but can also limit career progression.

The government is spending more than ever before on research and development, especially on work that is likely to produce returns.

Scientists from across the world are attracted to the country, which competes internationally by focusing on its strengths.

A big investor in research and development, South Korea is attracting top scientists in the hope of boosting basic science.

As China continues to increase its investment in research, it is offering opportunities that can be difficult to find elsewhere.

The government is stepping up efforts to attract international scientists, as the country invests record sums in research.

Although not a major scientific player, India hopes that attracting foreign researchers will help it achieve its ambitions.