2022 tables: Institutions - physical sciences - government

The 2022 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021.

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# Institution Share 2020 Share 2021 Count 2021 Change in Adjusted Share* 2020–2021
1 Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China 572.71 640.27 2384 3.5%
2 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France 270.51 261.76 1719 -10.4%
3 National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Italy 150.17 167.36 797 3.2%
4 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), United States of America (USA) 89.08 96.11 536 -0.1%
5 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain 94.17 93.76 591 -7.8%
6 National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan 69.48 81.60 329 8.7%
7 RIKEN, Japan 73.21 68.96 330 -12.8%
8 Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), United States of America (USA) 57.94 62.06 241 -0.8%
9 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), United States of America (USA) 63.19 61.83 234 -9.4%
10 Institute for Basic Science (IBS), South Korea 40.61 57.38 215 30.8%
11 Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), United States of America (USA) 71.16 57.11 356 -25.7%
12 National Research Council (CNR), Italy 49.12 56.43 278 6.3%
13 Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), United States of America (USA) 53.94 51.36 254 -11.9%
14 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland 51.50 48.75 355 -12.4%
15 Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), United States of America (USA) 48.28 46.77 276 -10.3%
16 The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), France 51.02 46.18 573 -16.2%
17 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), India 35.97 36.79 150 -5.3%
18 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan 30.64 34.35 102 3.8%
19 Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Poland 33.38 33.29 260 -7.7%
20 U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), United States of America (USA) 42.69 31.98 132 -30.7%
21 China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), China 20.17 30.96 109 42.1%
22 Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Czech Republic 28.61 30.32 221 -1.9%
23 Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), South Korea 26.30 30.12 130 6.0%
24 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 28.23 30.07 133 -1.4%
25 Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland 35.31 28.90 173 -24.2%
26 National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (NRCKI), Russia 22.06 27.13 278 13.8%
27 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), United States of America (USA) 32.97 26.76 182 -24.9%
28 Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), Austria 17.30 26.10 177 39.6%
29 Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Italy 22.12 25.34 104 6.0%
30 Sandia National Laboratories, United States of America (USA) 21.25 24.89 75 8.4%
31 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), United States of America (USA) 29.60 24.53 118 -23.3%
32 UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), United Kingdom (UK) 26.99 23.45 323 -19.6%
33 National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), Italy 37.65 23.36 131 -42.6%
34 NWO-I, the Institutes Organisation of NWO, Netherlands 21.27 22.17 229 -3.5%
35 National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina 21.26 21.98 151 -4.3%
36 Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy 17.35 19.70 177 5.1%
37 Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI), India 10.06 19.03 32 75.1%
38 Academia Sinica, Taiwan 14.15 17.28 194 13.1%
39 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Russia 15.65 17.26 207 2.1%
40 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan 22.36 17.17 188 -28.9%
41 Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS), Hungary 18.94 17.06 187 -16.6%
42 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), United States of America (USA) 15.08 17.00 130 4.3%
43 Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), South Korea 11.41 16.53 52 34.1%
44 National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America (USA) 21.33 16.03 37 -30.5%
45 People's Liberation Army (PLA), China 13.39 15.64 132 8.1%
46 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), United States of America (USA) 21.59 15.04 91 -35.5%
47 National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Japan 13.52 14.99 93 2.6%
48 Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Iran 17.50 14.72 78 -22.1%
49 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), United States of America (USA) 11.04 14.68 38 23.1%
50 Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Switzerland 15.57 14.40 39 -14.4%

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 82 natural-science journals through 2022, in 2023 64 health-science journals were added to the Index. The 146 journals in the Nature Index were selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.
  5. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen annual tables.

*The change in adjusted Share accounts for the small annual variation in the total number of articles in Nature Index journals. Share values have been adjusted to 2022 levels to calculate the percentage change. For more information on the adjustment, please see the Adjusted metric explainer.


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