2021 tables: Institutions

The 2021 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020.

Table criteria

# Institution Share 2019 Share 2020 Count 2020 Change in Adjusted Share 2019-2020*
1 Max Planck Society, Germany 768.31 794.38 2,749 -0.3%
2 French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France 731.50 713.31 4,539 -6.0%
3 Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, Germany 489.98 582.72 2,521 14.7%
4 University of Oxford, United Kingdom (UK) 455.53 459.53 1,436 -2.7%
5 University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (UK) 419.32 457.10 1,441 5.1%
6 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland 403.35 379.03 1,058 -9.4%
7 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland 268.84 260.31 630 -6.6%
8 Imperial College London (ICL), United Kingdom (UK) 220.39 253.95 962 11.1%
9 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russia 197.50 236.27 935 15.4%
10 Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain 207.12 217.69 1,265 1.3%
11 UCL, United Kingdom (UK) 216.57 211.20 919 -6.0%
12 Leibniz Association, Germany 200.88 199.16 945 -4.4%
13 Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Germany 184.04 162.96 648 -14.6%
14 Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany 154.77 161.55 631 0.6%
15 University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark 151.43 158.63 664 1.0%
16 National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Italy 136.10 152.46 743 8.0%
17 The University of Manchester (UoM), United Kingdom (UK) 146.03 148.30 569 -2.1%
18 The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (UK) 150.74 143.50 656 -8.2%
19 University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland 136.44 143.13 652 1.2%
20 University of Münster (WWU), Germany 109.32 139.91 362 23.4%
21 Heidelberg University (Uni Heidelberg), Germany 138.80 138.84 626 -3.5%
22 University of Bristol (UoB), United Kingdom (UK) 134.55 137.02 469 -1.8%
23 Utrecht University (UU), Netherlands 124.28 131.50 634 2.0%
24 University of Würzburg (JMU), Germany 115.64 125.09 363 4.3%
25 Uppsala University (UU), Sweden 93.13 117.05 493 21.2%
26 University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland 114.79 115.99 388 -2.6%
27 Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Belgium 108.96 112.35 401 -0.6%
28 University of Groningen (RUG), Netherlands 97.09 106.91 411 6.2%
29 Sorbonne University, France 112.49 106.14 1,115 -9.0%
30 National Research Council (CNR), Italy 97.20 104.17 521 3.3%
31 University of Göttingen, Germany 101.35 103.94 376 -1.1%
32 University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Germany 90.57 103.91 310 10.6%
33 UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), United Kingdom (UK) 93.36 100.93 777 4.2%
34 Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Spain 104.17 100.43 384 -7.0%
35 Free University of Berlin (FU Berlin), Germany 102.65 99.57 588 -6.5%
36 University of Basel (UB), Switzerland 104.80 98.28 328 -9.6%
37 RWTH Aachen University (RWTH Aachen), Germany 102.31 97.84 401 -7.8%
38 Karolinska Institute (KI), Sweden 83.10 95.86 421 11.2%
39 Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Czech Republic 93.57 95.10 438 -2.0%
40 TU Dresden, Germany 92.05 94.45 444 -1.1%
41 National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), France 91.92 92.65 1,122 -2.8%
42 Stockholm University, Sweden 82.46 91.67 497 7.2%
43 Aarhus University (AU), Denmark 91.37 91.10 303 -3.9%
44 Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands 80.84 89.81 266 7.1%
45 The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), France 93.34 88.44 930 -8.6%
46 University of Tübingen (Uni Tübingen), Germany 85.03 88.06 367 -0.2%
47 University of Freiburg (Uni Freiburg), Germany 105.20 87.46 295 -19.8%
48 Leiden University, Netherlands 82.57 86.62 362 1.2%
49 King's College London (KCL), United Kingdom (UK) 75.75 86.20 417 9.7%
50 Lund University (LU), Sweden 77.27 85.86 373 7.1%
51 University of Leeds, United Kingdom (UK) 72.41 82.93 297 10.4%
52 University of Paris, France 72.51 81.03 858 7.7%
53 Durham University, United Kingdom (UK) 85.03 81.03 268 -8.1%
54 Ghent University (UGent), Belgium 75.76 80.63 320 2.6%
55 Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark 71.21 79.97 283 8.3%
56 University of Hamburg (UHH), Germany 91.88 79.71 437 -16.3%
57 University of Barcelona (UB), Spain 68.37 77.66 416 9.5%
58 University of Southampton (Soton), United Kingdom (UK) 75.96 76.43 335 -3.0%
59 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), Germany 84.51 76.24 363 -13.0%
60 University of Vienna, Austria 86.40 76.22 303 -14.9%
61 University of Amsterdam (UvA), Netherlands 88.67 75.84 584 -17.5%
62 Radboud University Nijmegen (RU), Netherlands 74.16 75.33 498 -2.1%
63 University of Oslo (UiO), Norway 77.55 75.30 352 -6.4%
64 University of Bern (UniBE), Switzerland 62.85 75.28 340 15.5%
65 Goethe University Frankfurt (GU), Germany 83.98 75.26 291 -13.6%
66 Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Poland 62.35 74.99 375 16.0%
67 The University of Warwick (Warwick), United Kingdom (UK) 73.57 74.31 334 -2.6%
68 University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (UK) 86.06 73.00 407 -18.2%
69 University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland 64.91 70.18 242 4.3%
70 University of Regensburg (UR), Germany 79.91 69.98 174 -15.6%
71 Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Spain 72.72 69.51 389 -7.8%
72 Humboldt University of Berlin (HU Berlin), Germany 59.06 68.42 568 11.7%
73 Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), United Kingdom (UK) 55.96 68.42 303 17.9%
74 University of Bonn (Uni Bonn), Germany 72.19 68.34 332 -8.7%
75 The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom (UK) 79.55 66.23 270 -19.7%
76 University of Cologne (UoC), Germany 71.75 65.86 268 -11.5%
77 Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Netherlands 68.24 65.48 158 -7.5%
78 University of Helsinki, Finland 64.79 64.71 406 -3.7%
79 Chalmers University of Technology (Chalmers), Sweden 45.50 64.70 200 37.1%
80 The University of Nottingham (UoN), United Kingdom (UK) 52.77 63.62 233 16.2%
81 Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Germany 56.42 63.47 210 8.5%
82 University of Lyon, France 60.18 62.94 454 0.8%
83 Université PSL, France 70.77 62.76 729 -14.5%
84 University of Exeter, United Kingdom (UK) 60.96 62.04 243 -1.9%
85 University of Liverpool, United Kingdom (UK) 62.19 61.53 363 -4.6%
86 University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain 50.81 60.71 303 15.2%
87 University of Paris-Sud (UPSud), France 69.60 60.58 665 -16.1%
88 KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden 65.56 60.36 411 -11.2%
89 University of Birmingham (UB), United Kingdom (UK) 63.54 59.96 341 -9.0%
90 F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Switzerland 47.80 59.77 144 20.6%
91 The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 51.50 58.84 179 10.2%
92 Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Germany 58.63 58.63 212 -3.6%
93 Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland 52.25 58.31 266 7.6%
94 University of Valencia (UV), Spain 54.21 54.99 323 -2.2%
95 University of Strasbourg, France 59.04 54.35 407 -11.2%
96 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Germany 47.13 52.86 349 8.1%
97 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Switzerland 53.23 51.66 345 -6.4%
98 Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Netherlands 44.56 50.88 201 10.1%
99 Philipps University of Marburg (Uni Marburg), Germany 57.49 50.77 143 -14.8%
100 Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS), Hungary 32.83 50.76 310 49.1%
101 University of Toulouse, France 52.29 49.58 400 -8.6%
102 University of St Andrews, United Kingdom (UK) 55.87 49.26 198 -15.0%
103 The University of Dublin, Ireland 41.90 49.17 174 13.1%
104 VU Amsterdam, Netherlands 44.19 48.82 456 6.5%
105 University of Gothenburg (GU), Sweden 39.30 48.76 208 19.6%
106 Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Russia 43.78 48.06 337 5.8%
107 University of Kiel (CAU), Germany 42.32 47.65 195 8.6%
108 Pasteur Institute, France 33.99 47.41 274 34.5%
109 Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria 46.19 47.10 206 -1.7%
110 Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU), Germany 41.27 46.87 234 9.5%
111 University of Konstanz, Germany 52.51 46.70 108 -14.3%
112 University of Padova (UNIPD), Italy 46.19 46.65 353 -2.6%
113 Cardiff University, United Kingdom (UK) 49.24 46.64 192 -8.7%
114 Aix-Marseille University (AMU), France 45.41 46.14 414 -2.0%
115 University of Bayreuth (UBT), Germany 39.92 46.13 119 11.4%
116 University of Montpellier, France 43.69 46.01 394 1.6%
117 Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Italy 46.19 44.61 245 -6.9%
118 Leibniz University Hannover (LUH), Germany 33.59 44.50 120 27.7%
119 Newcastle University, United Kingdom (UK) 53.67 43.91 196 -21.1%
120 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway 40.77 43.23 171 2.2%
121 Charles University (CU), Czech Republic 35.26 42.85 300 17.2%
122 Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium 34.84 42.63 193 18.0%
123 Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Italy 44.80 42.60 169 -8.3%
124 University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Portugal 41.02 42.15 240 -0.9%
125 Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Spain 31.85 41.67 222 26.2%
126 University of Warsaw (UW), Poland 43.02 39.94 202 -10.5%
127 National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), Italy 30.80 39.60 161 24.0%
128 Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU), Germany 28.57 38.96 152 31.5%
129 University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Germany 33.10 38.65 140 12.6%
130 University of Florence (UNIFI), Italy 24.94 38.16 233 47.5%
131 Grenoble Alpes University (UGA), France 46.00 38.03 532 -20.3%
132 National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), France 42.15 37.68 544 -13.8%
133 Aalto University, Finland 38.39 37.62 232 -5.5%
134 University of Stuttgart, Germany 37.45 37.49 129 -3.5%
135 Jagiellonian University (UJ), Poland 27.28 37.39 167 32.2%
136 University of Bordeaux, France 36.38 37.37 279 -1.0%
137 Linköping University (LiU), Sweden 39.69 36.78 113 -10.6%
138 University of York, United Kingdom (UK) 40.86 36.61 176 -13.6%
139 University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Spain 36.52 36.61 180 -3.3%
140 University of Bath, United Kingdom (UK) 31.13 36.28 125 12.4%
141 Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium 32.39 35.98 213 7.1%
142 Sapienza University of Rome, Italy 50.31 35.19 331 -32.6%
143 Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Austria 22.70 34.76 82 47.7%
144 University of Bremen (Uni Bremen), Germany 27.59 34.36 129 20.1%
145 Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), Austria 32.35 34.24 256 2.1%
146 Leipzig University, Germany 33.07 34.17 183 -0.4%
147 Ulm University, Germany 37.67 34.17 152 -12.5%
148 NWO-I, the Institutes Organisation of NWO, Netherlands 28.84 32.71 320 9.3%
149 University of Milan (UNIMI), Italy 22.02 32.45 264 42.1%
150 University of Innsbruck (LFU), Austria 37.23 32.41 147 -16.0%
151 University of Bologna (UNIBO), Italy 32.67 32.00 305 -5.6%
152 University of Twente (UTwente), Netherlands 27.78 31.53 92 9.4%
153 University of Antwerp (UA), Belgium 31.88 31.08 182 -6.0%
154 Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Germany 30.30 30.64 131 -2.5%
155 TU Dortmund University, Germany 35.12 30.50 157 -16.2%
156 Lancaster University, United Kingdom (UK) 27.19 30.30 173 7.4%
157 Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Switzerland 32.75 30.05 104 -11.5%
158 Institute of Research for Development (IRD), France 32.68 29.83 570 -12.0%
159 University of Sussex, United Kingdom (UK) 23.99 29.22 129 17.4%
160 University of Bergen (UIB), Norway 33.84 29.21 246 -16.8%
161 University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Italy 34.74 29.07 218 -19.3%
162 Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Switzerland 30.33 28.32 100 -10.0%
163 Wellcome Sanger Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 36.66 28.20 207 -25.8%
164 Bielefeld University, Germany 20.06 27.89 66 34.1%
165 AstraZeneca plc, United Kingdom (UK) 30.09 27.57 135 -11.6%
166 University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Italy 26.35 27.57 275 0.9%
167 Saarland University (Saar-Uni), Germany 27.95 26.86 93 -7.4%
168 National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA), France 27.51 26.81 267 -6.0%
169 Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Germany 24.15 26.81 136 7.0%
170 Queen's University Belfast (QUB), United Kingdom (UK) 27.31 26.30 104 -7.1%
171 Giessen University (JLU), Germany 28.17 26.08 178 -10.7%
172 Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), Netherlands 22.94 26.03 163 9.4%
173 Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Belgium 24.12 25.87 159 3.4%
174 University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom (UK) 22.48 25.74 101 10.4%
175 University of Potsdam, Germany 28.35 25.51 154 -13.2%
176 Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain 20.87 25.51 292 17.9%
177 Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Spain 26.21 25.03 260 -7.9%
178 Umeå University (UMU), Sweden 22.80 24.78 126 4.8%
179 University of Oviedo (UniOvi), Spain 20.53 24.66 164 15.8%
180 Novartis International AG, Switzerland 39.09 24.63 97 -39.3%
181 University of Jyväskylä, Finland 19.30 24.56 188 22.7%
182 University of Oldenburg, Germany 11.71 24.55 64 102.1%
183 Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU), Russia 27.26 23.82 102 -15.7%
184 Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Italy 29.44 23.77 96 -22.1%
185 University of Pisa (UNIPI), Italy 20.21 23.73 250 13.2%
186 University of Leicester, United Kingdom (UK) 21.17 23.72 113 8.1%
187 Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Austria 19.04 23.62 88 19.6%
188 National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (NRCKI), Russia 23.65 23.37 263 -4.7%
189 University of Turin (UNITO), Italy 21.92 23.33 251 2.6%
190 University of Liège (ULg), Belgium 23.22 23.03 104 -4.4%
191 European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), France 24.93 22.98 138 -11.1%
192 University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Denmark 20.97 22.47 123 3.3%
193 Swansea University, United Kingdom (UK) 18.16 22.46 84 19.2%
194 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology - State University (MIPT), Russia 15.51 22.19 196 37.9%
195 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Russia 13.73 22.00 97 54.5%
196 University of East Anglia (UEA), United Kingdom (UK) 24.58 21.91 108 -14.0%
197 University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland 14.42 21.84 176 46.0%
198 Masaryk University (MU), Czech Republic 19.26 21.64 118 8.3%
199 University of Fribourg (UNIFR), Switzerland 31.07 21.54 95 -33.2%
200 University of Iceland, Iceland 15.84 21.21 87 29.1%
201 University of Dundee, United Kingdom (UK) 25.30 21.20 100 -19.2%
202 Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Italy 16.23 21.17 166 25.8%
203 ITMO National Research University (ITMO University), Russia 15.51 21.10 63 31.2%
204 University of Granada (UGR), Spain 22.59 21.09 137 -10.0%
205 National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV), Italy 18.02 20.91 70 11.8%
206 University of Lorraine (UL), France 16.31 20.79 126 22.9%
207 University of Ljubljana, Slovenia 20.27 20.78 134 -1.1%
208 Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Spain 20.56 20.62 331 -3.3%
209 GlaxoSmithKline plc. (GSK), United Kingdom (UK) 12.46 20.43 87 58.1%
210 University of Reading, United Kingdom (UK) 29.83 20.23 95 -34.6%
211 John Innes Centre (JIC), United Kingdom (UK) 18.77 20.22 58 3.8%
212 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden 20.38 20.08 103 -5.0%
213 Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Austria 24.50 19.99 151 -21.3%
214 Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy 20.27 19.95 97 -5.1%
215 Technical University Braunschweig (TU Braunschweig), Germany 21.87 19.34 78 -14.7%
216 University of Turku (UTU), Finland 19.06 19.27 98 -2.6%
217 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France 15.48 19.07 217 18.8%
218 University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal 20.22 18.99 69 -9.5%
219 University of Trento (UNITN), Italy 15.45 18.84 193 17.5%
220 Fraunhofer Society, Germany 22.73 18.75 142 -20.5%
221 University of Siegen, Germany 20.83 18.66 88 -13.6%
222 Graz University of Technology (TU Graz), Austria 22.11 18.40 69 -19.7%
223 University of Salerno (UNISA), Italy 13.41 18.25 87 31.3%
224 Jozef Stefan Institute (IJS), Slovenia 12.02 17.81 122 42.8%
225 Maastricht University (UM), Netherlands 12.27 17.55 128 37.9%
226 École Polytechnique, France 17.52 17.54 374 -3.5%
227 University of Zaragoza (Unizar), Spain 15.88 17.38 113 5.5%
228 The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), United Kingdom (UK) 10.37 17.28 90 60.6%
229 Free University of Brussels (VUB), Belgium 21.18 17.12 154 -22.0%
230 Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Netherlands 17.79 17.04 125 -7.6%
231 University of Wrocław (UWr), Poland 18.48 17.03 61 -11.2%
232 Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany 14.76 16.99 107 11.0%
233 University of Girona (UdG), Spain 16.73 16.66 52 -4.0%
234 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Russia 15.36 16.35 210 2.6%
235 University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy 14.39 16.24 159 8.8%
236 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland 14.69 16.23 85 6.5%
237 University of Tartu (UT), Estonia 12.96 16.15 89 20.2%
238 University of Rennes 1, France 18.84 16.13 145 -17.5%
239 Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Netherlands 20.90 15.65 101 -27.8%
240 University of Salamanca (USAL), Spain 10.27 15.62 48 46.6%
241 Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom (UK) 26.11 15.28 75 -43.6%
242 Rovira i Virgili University (URV), Spain 12.62 15.25 60 16.6%
243 Met Office, United Kingdom (UK) 9.82 15.06 64 47.8%
244 Rudjer Boskovic Institute (RBI), Croatia 12.01 15.04 123 20.7%
245 University of Rostock, Germany 16.19 15.01 82 -10.7%
246 University of Graz (Uni Graz), Austria 14.63 14.95 53 -1.4%
247 University of Lille Nord de France, France 16.82 14.87 134 -14.8%
248 Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Spain 12.15 14.80 138 17.5%
249 Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), Spain 14.32 14.77 65 -0.5%
250 Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Russia 14.48 14.58 188 -2.9%
251 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UOA), Greece 15.90 14.51 171 -12.0%
252 Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain 11.92 14.50 92 17.4%
253 University of Trieste (UNITS), Italy 9.59 14.38 167 44.6%
254 University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (UCT), Czech Republic 19.76 14.36 31 -29.9%
255 University of Murcia (UMU), Spain 10.96 14.30 41 25.9%
256 Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (AMU), Poland 11.23 14.26 60 22.5%
257 University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Norway 18.56 14.17 73 -26.4%
258 University of Pavia (UNIPV), Italy 15.27 14.12 204 -10.8%
259 Curie Institute, France 19.32 14.09 136 -29.7%
260 Collège de France, France 12.85 13.92 164 4.5%
261 University of Surrey, United Kingdom (UK) 13.46 13.81 66 -1.1%
262 University of Porto (UP), Portugal 13.05 13.80 117 2.0%
263 Oncode Institute, Netherlands 14.82 13.43 98 -12.6%
264 University of Augsburg, Germany 8.70 13.37 44 48.2%
265 University of Nantes, France 10.44 13.31 163 22.9%
266 Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Hungary 6.14 13.28 47 108.4%
267 University of Genova, Italy 8.52 13.11 204 48.2%
268 University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg 13.10 13.09 47 -3.7%
269 University of Parma (UNIPR), Italy 9.15 13.08 64 37.7%
270 University of London - Royal Holloway (RHUL), United Kingdom (UK) 12.80 13.01 120 -2.0%
271 University of Seville (US), Spain 14.11 12.90 101 -11.9%
272 University of Greifswald, Germany 11.53 12.82 58 7.2%
273 University of La Laguna (ULL), Spain 12.10 12.60 84 0.4%
274 Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Hungary 12.30 12.49 125 -2.1%
275 University of Limerick (UL), Ireland 10.11 12.47 35 18.9%
276 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), United Kingdom (UK) 7.12 12.38 72 67.5%
277 University of Oulu, Finland 10.77 12.26 76 9.8%
278 Scuola Normale Superiore (SNS), Italy 9.12 12.24 153 29.4%
279 Johannes Kepler University of Linz (JKU), Austria 4.25 12.10 40 174.7%
280 University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (UK) 12.14 12.02 86 -4.5%
281 University of Crete (UOC), Greece 14.68 11.73 49 -23.0%
282 The Open University (OU), United Kingdom (UK) 9.42 11.61 56 18.8%
283 NERC British Antarctic Survey (BAS), United Kingdom (UK) 14.87 11.60 55 -24.7%
284 University of Aalborg (AAU), Denmark 7.92 11.49 53 39.9%
285 IMDEA Institutes, Spain 14.66 11.46 61 -24.6%
286 Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP), France 11.36 11.40 90 -3.3%
287 European Commission (EC), Belgium 4.75 11.34 47 130.1%
288 Institut Laue Langevin (ILL), France 12.69 11.30 75 -14.2%
289 University of Lübeck, Germany 7.19 11.26 88 51.1%
290 Champalimaud Foundation, Portugal 10.89 11.21 25 -0.8%
291 Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Greece 12.28 11.13 46 -12.6%
292 University of Kaiserslautern (TU Kaiserslautern), Germany 12.33 11.02 45 -13.9%
293 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Austria 9.50 10.97 41 11.3%
294 Tampere University, Finland 18.08 10.95 177 -41.6%
295 Cancer Research UK (CRUK), United Kingdom (UK) 9.69 10.89 116 8.4%
296 Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Spain 8.66 10.88 32 21.1%
297 Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Belgium 7.03 10.66 39 46.3%
298 University of Debrecen, Hungary 10.11 10.64 95 1.5%
299 Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP), France 15.43 10.53 235 -34.2%
300 Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Spain 10.01 10.46 51 0.7%
301 Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust (OUH), United Kingdom (UK) 8.17 10.45 136 23.2%
302 Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (OVGU), Germany 8.65 10.42 51 16.1%
303 Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Austria 6.19 10.31 39 60.5%
304 Paderborn University, Germany 7.00 10.22 31 40.8%
305 Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (FIRC), Italy 4.99 10.21 33 97.2%
306 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Switzerland 9.90 10.20 106 -0.6%
307 Gulbenkian Science Institute (IGC), Portugal 6.88 10.13 31 42.0%
308 NERC National Oceanography Centre (NOC), United Kingdom (UK) 7.00 10.12 66 39.3%
309 University of Alcalá (UAH), Spain 10.53 10.05 43 -7.9%
310 University Institute of France (IUF), France 5.59 10.05 117 73.3%
311 Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy 7.72 9.95 65 24.3%
312 Jacobs University Bremen, Germany 9.66 9.72 27 -2.9%
313 National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Ireland 8.88 9.72 47 5.6%
314 Jaume I University (UJI), Spain 10.47 9.66 59 -11.1%
315 Palacky University (PU), Czech Republic 17.28 9.52 92 -46.9%
316 National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control (INRIA), France 5.37 9.48 442 70.2%
317 French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea (Ifremer), France 6.32 9.48 77 44.6%
318 Sanofi, France 4.44 9.46 33 105.4%
319 University of Plymouth, United Kingdom (UK) 10.93 9.38 50 -17.2%
320 University of Kent, United Kingdom (UK) 8.12 9.36 35 11.1%
321 National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), Greece 5.22 9.32 124 72.4%
322 The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Ukraine 7.44 9.26 174 20.0%
323 European Southern Observatory (ESO), Germany 8.12 9.18 87 9.0%
324 Loughborough University, United Kingdom (UK) 9.36 9.15 53 -5.8%
325 Bangor University, United Kingdom (UK) 5.64 9.14 36 56.4%
326 Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France 7.43 9.13 156 18.5%
327 Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Italy 7.71 9.09 44 13.6%
328 Natural History Museum, United Kingdom (UK) 9.51 9.01 58 -8.6%
329 Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway 7.87 8.97 30 9.8%
330 University of Osnabrück (Uni Osnabrück), Germany 5.84 8.93 27 47.5%
331 Wrocław University of Science and Technology (WRUT), Poland 5.33 8.89 39 60.7%
332 University of Salzburg, Austria 4.37 8.88 27 96.1%
333 University of Perugia, Italy 5.99 8.85 155 42.5%
334 University of Valladolid (UVa), Spain 5.31 8.83 30 60.2%
335 University of Minho (UM), Portugal 7.05 8.83 82 20.7%
336 University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), France 11.71 8.81 277 -27.4%
337 University of Vigo (UVIGO), Spain 5.79 8.79 39 46.3%
338 University of Mons (UMONS), Belgium 10.85 8.76 33 -22.1%
339 CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, Spain 8.87 8.74 34 -5.0%
340 New University of Lisbon (UNL), Portugal 8.18 8.66 79 2.1%
341 University of Silesia (US), Poland 9.07 8.60 30 -8.6%
342 Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Switzerland 9.35 8.58 36 -11.4%
343 University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom (UK) 5.66 8.56 46 45.8%
344 University of Bari Aldo Moro (UniBA), Italy 9.42 8.49 166 -13.1%
345 BASF SE, Germany 6.53 8.45 43 24.6%
346 University Clermont Auvergne, France 9.21 8.43 170 -11.8%
347 Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Spain 8.42 54 N/A
348 National Physical Laboratory (NPL), United Kingdom (UK) 7.07 8.38 45 14.3%
349 Babraham Institute, United Kingdom (UK) 9.82 8.35 32 -18.0%
350 University of Coimbra (UC), Portugal 10.06 8.33 100 -20.2%
351 University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Spain 10.40 8.31 43 -23.0%
352 University of Neuchâtel (UniNE), Switzerland 7.06 8.25 24 12.7%
353 University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain 5.33 8.09 60 46.3%
354 Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany 10.67 8.03 25 -27.4%
355 Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Poland 4.32 8.00 18 78.7%
356 University of Hull, United Kingdom (UK) 9.74 7.99 37 -20.9%
357 University of Alicante (UA), Spain 6.49 7.86 54 16.9%
358 International Solvay Institutes, Belgium 9.04 7.81 37 -16.7%
359 Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Slovakia 6.66 7.76 106 12.3%
360 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany 6.54 7.75 29 14.2%
361 National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Italy 5.40 7.73 51 38.2%
362 Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom (UK) 4.77 7.63 31 54.3%
363 University of Málaga (UMA), Spain 7.72 7.61 42 -4.9%
364 Northumbria University, United Kingdom (UK) 4.96 7.53 36 46.2%
365 Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Ireland 7.23 7.44 48 -0.7%
366 Pablo de Olavide University (UPO), Spain 4.88 7.33 37 44.7%
367 Catalan Health Institute (ICS), Spain 10.09 7.24 94 -30.9%
368 National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), France 9.77 7.18 152 -29.1%
369 University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro" (UNIPMN), Italy 5.10 7.12 127 34.6%
370 AgroParisTech, France 6.08 7.08 212 12.3%
371 ALBA Synchrotron, Spain 4.52 7.00 49 49.3%
372 University of Savoy (USMB), France 8.79 6.99 196 -23.4%
373 University of Roma Tre, Italy 11.21 6.99 84 -39.9%
374 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria 7.54 6.95 46 -11.1%
375 University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Italy 4.29 6.92 65 55.6%
376 University of Kassel, Germany 9.95 6.91 24 -33.0%
377 Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark 2.59 6.88 29 156.2%
378 University of Cantabria (UC), Spain 9.81 6.82 94 -33.0%
379 University of Insubria, Italy 4.65 6.77 41 40.5%
380 Vilnius University (VU), Lithuania 8.56 6.76 85 -23.9%
381 Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Czech Republic 8.36 6.74 94 -22.3%
382 École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), France 6.21 6.70 89 4.0%
383 Chemnitz University of Technology (TU Chemnitz), Germany 7.61 6.62 27 -16.1%
384 Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Netherlands 10.44 6.59 40 -39.1%
385 University of Zagreb, Croatia 5.20 6.53 62 21.1%
386 Kazan Federal University (KFU), Russia 6.59 6.51 38 -4.7%
387 Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Germany 8.34 6.50 14 -24.9%
388 Ural Federal University (UrFU), Russia 10.09 6.45 36 -38.4%
389 École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), France 8.65 6.37 63 -29.0%
390 King Juan Carlos University (URJC), Spain 4.81 6.34 23 27.0%
391 France Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, France 6.64 6.34 116 -8.0%
392 Bayer AG, Germany 5.68 6.31 35 7.2%
393 Birkbeck, University of London (BBK), United Kingdom (UK) 7.16 6.30 48 -15.2%
394 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Greece 7.06 6.29 62 -14.1%
395 Basque Center for Macromolecular Design and Engineering, Spain 4.55 6.29 30 33.2%
396 Union of the German Academies of Sciences and Humanities, Germany 4.38 6.26 77 37.9%
397 World Health Organization (WHO), Switzerland 4.76 6.26 62 26.9%
398 Comenius University in Bratislava (UK), Slovakia 4.25 6.22 98 41.1%
399 University of Burgos (UBU), Spain 2.45 6.20 13 144.5%
400 University of Hohenheim, Germany 4.41 6.17 21 35.0%
401 Academy of Athens, Greece 2.11 6.15 23 180.6%
402 University of Cagliari (UNICA), Italy 7.95 6.15 78 -25.4%
403 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Poland 10.19 6.13 146 -42.0%
404 International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Portugal 3.89 6.12 30 51.8%
405 Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Finland 8.30 6.11 33 -29.1%
406 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (UK) 5.29 6.07 109 10.7%
407 National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Russia 5.72 6.07 80 2.3%
408 University of Szeged (SZTE), Hungary 5.08 6.03 32 14.4%
409 Telethon Foundation, Italy 6.22 6.03 27 -6.5%
410 German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Germany 6.77 6.02 11 -14.2%
411 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF), Germany 3.82 6.00 20 51.3%
412 University of Wuppertal, Germany 6.90 5.98 80 -16.4%
413 University of Ioannina (UOI), Greece 5.41 5.96 82 6.2%
414 NHS Lothian, United Kingdom (UK) 6.08 5.88 87 -6.8%
415 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Switzerland 8.67 5.87 37 -34.6%
416 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), United Kingdom (UK) 9.27 5.86 26 -39.0%
417 AGH University of Science and Technology (AGH UST), Poland 6.77 5.86 157 -16.7%
418 Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Spain 5.96 5.76 30 -6.7%
419 C. H. Boehringer Sohn AG & Co. KG (Boehringer Ingelheim), Germany 7.63 5.74 21 -27.4%
420 University of Verona (UNIVR), Italy 7.93 5.68 43 -30.9%
421 Ligue Contre Le Cancer, France 2.90 5.65 42 87.9%
422 Paris-Est Créteil University (UPEC), France 3.90 5.64 64 39.5%
423 NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), United Kingdom (UK) 4.19 5.63 46 29.7%
424 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Russia 5.25 5.56 162 2.0%
425 National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece 5.38 5.55 120 -0.6%
426 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Finland 6.14 5.55 91 -12.9%
427 University of Burgundy, France 5.78 5.49 57 -8.4%
428 University of Belgrade, Serbia 9.71 5.46 127 -45.7%
429 University of Patras, Greece 3.66 5.45 26 43.3%
430 CY Cergy Paris University, France 6.11 5.44 45 -14.1%
431 Tomsk State University (TSU), Russia 6.09 5.42 123 -14.2%
432 Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Spain 9.71 5.37 37 -46.6%
433 Centre for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Spain 4.45 5.34 37 15.7%
434 University of Navarra (UNAV), Spain 7.32 5.27 30 -30.6%
435 Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bulgaria 5.20 5.26 72 -2.5%
436 Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU), Russia 1.06 5.26 10 378.8%
437 Germany Federal Ministry of Health (BMG), Germany 1.19 5.24 32 324.1%
438 British Geological Survey (BGS), United Kingdom (UK) 5.29 5.23 39 -4.7%
439 University of A Coruña (UDC), Spain 6.17 5.22 18 -18.4%
440 Ilmenau University of Technology (TU Ilmenau), Germany 2.80 5.21 11 79.3%
441 Gustave Eiffel University, France 5.83 5.19 79 -14.2%
442 NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), United Kingdom (UK) 5.59 5.18 25 -10.6%
443 University of Catania, Italy 5.47 5.16 134 -9.1%
444 Warsaw University of Technology (WUT), Poland 5.49 5.11 89 -10.3%
445 University of Rouen, France 4.06 5.10 46 21.1%
446 University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland 7.11 5.04 66 -31.7%
447 University of Ferrara (UNIFE), Italy 3.74 5.02 77 29.4%
448 University of Namur (UNamur), Belgium 5.19 4.96 19 -7.9%
449 European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility GmbH (XFEL), Germany 2.77 4.90 38 70.8%
450 University of La Rioja (UR), Spain 3.15 4.87 15 49.4%
451 Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Ireland 3.93 4.83 27 18.5%
452 Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Spain 7.05 4.81 21 -34.2%
453 Medical University of Graz (Med Uni Graz), Austria 5.39 4.79 34 -14.5%
454 University of Orléans, France 7.95 4.76 61 -42.3%
455 Royal Veterinary College, University of London (RVC), United Kingdom (UK) 1.78 4.76 32 158.0%
456 Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT), France 2.35 4.67 228 91.4%
457 University of Essex, United Kingdom (UK) 7.29 4.67 21 -38.3%
458 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Netherlands 5.04 4.66 25 -10.7%
459 Charles III University of Madrid (UC3M), Spain 2.88 4.65 23 55.5%
460 University of Palermo (UNIPA), Italy 2.46 4.63 73 81.5%
461 European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL), Germany 3.40 4.60 42 30.5%
462 University of Angers, France 4.49 4.60 53 -1.1%
463 Le Mans University, France 4.84 4.54 26 -9.6%
464 Caen University (UNICAEN), France 4.41 4.53 50 -0.9%
465 Brno University of Technology (BUT), Czech Republic 2.86 4.51 73 52.3%
466 Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), Germany 3.64 4.50 24 19.1%
467 Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS), Poland 3.53 4.48 12 22.3%
468 University of Calabria (UNICAL), Italy 8.11 4.46 79 -47.0%
469 Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), United Kingdom (UK) 6.84 4.43 33 -37.5%
470 Institute Gustave-Roussy (IGR), France 4.41 4.42 50 -3.3%
471 University of Camerino (UNICAM), Italy 1.95 4.42 37 118.5%
472 Norway Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries, Norway 4.91 4.38 55 -13.9%
473 Peoples Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), Russia 1.39 4.29 19 197.9%
474 Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (UCSC), Italy 3.92 4.27 32 4.9%
475 Total S.A., France 1.55 4.25 19 163.5%
476 Norwegian Research Centre AS (NORCE), Norway 3.96 4.24 52 3.3%
477 University of Siena (UNISI), Italy 5.62 4.23 102 -27.5%
478 Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), Italy 2.64 4.20 75 53.5%
479 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), United Kingdom (UK) 4.43 4.20 14 -8.6%
480 Keele University, United Kingdom (UK) 2.83 4.15 32 41.5%
481 Royal Dutch Shell plc (Shell), Netherlands 2.31 4.14 19 72.7%
482 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Denmark 3.87 4.13 20 2.7%
483 University of Brescia (UNIBS), Italy 3.78 4.12 51 5.2%
484 National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Russia 6.85 4.06 70 -42.8%
485 Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), France 4.69 4.06 168 -16.5%
486 University of Poitiers, France 5.64 4.03 26 -31.0%
487 Wetsus Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Netherlands 3.38 4.02 11 14.7%
488 Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland 4.83 4.00 115 -20.2%
489 European Space Agency (ESA), France 3.93 3.93 24 -3.5%
490 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Bulgaria 9.68 3.91 102 -61.1%
491 Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Luxembourg 5.42 3.90 12 -30.6%
492 Semmelweis University (SE), Hungary 4.87 3.89 34 -23.0%
493 Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Spain 2.70 3.85 36 37.2%
494 Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Lithuania 2.89 3.83 10 27.7%
495 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN HH), Romania 4.47 3.82 118 -17.5%
496 Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (NCU), Poland 2.07 3.81 17 77.4%
497 University of Udine (UNIUD), Italy 2.47 3.76 80 46.9%
498 Rigshospitalet, Denmark 4.18 3.76 90 -13.3%
499 San Pablo CEU University (USPCEU), Spain 0.11 3.71 12 3,020.4%
500 National Graduate School of Engineering and Research Center (ENSICAEN), France 3.90 3.71 42 -8.2%

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 82 natural-science journals, selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen annual tables.

*The change in adjusted Share accounts for the small annual variation in the total number of articles in Nature Index journals. Share values have been adjusted to 2021 levels to calculate the percentage change. For more information on the adjustment, please see the Adjusted metric explainer.