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Although model projections indicate increased El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in the future, contemporary impacts of anthropogenic forcing on ENSO variability have been difficult to ascertain. This Perspective discusses these contemporary effects, outlining that an increase in post-1960 ENSO variability is likely related to greenhouse gas forcing.
An article in Environmental Research Letters investigates the influence of the Amundsen Sea Low in driving record low Antarctic sea ice extent in February 2022.
A digital twin of Earth would fully integrate Big Data observations within an Earth–human system model, to assess the interactions between these subsystems. This Review explores the current progress in Big Data manipulation in Earth sciences providing pathways toward digital twins of Earth.
Souleymane Diop explains how four-component radiometers can be used to assess the effects of conservation agriculture practices on albedo and heat flux.
Alba Rodriguez Padilla explains how airborne lidar can capture 3D submeter to tens of meters changes in surface topography caused by earthquake deformation.
Articles in Nature Climate Change and Geophysical Research Letters explore the impacts of atmospheric rivers on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice variability.
The 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes occurred on active faults that were known to be a high seismic hazard, yet the devastating impacts of these earthquakes show that the risk was not adequately considered. Vulnerabilities arising from exposure, corruption and poverty led to a lack of seismic preparedness which amplified the earthquake risk into a tragic disaster.
Mackenzie Fiss explains how Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) is used for analyzing diverse dissolved organic matter mixtures, like those from salt marshes.
Grisel Jiménez Soto discusses how forward stratigraphic models can simulate the various sedimentary processes that control the geometry and distribution of sedimentary layers.
Extreme weather and climate events could increase ecosystem disturbances and, potentially, destabilize ecosystems, but different feedbacks between climate and ecosystems are often not accounted for. This Perspective proposes a framework to characterize ecoclimatic events and understand the role of human activities in driving them.
An article in Tectonics identified asymmetric rifting during the break-up of Gondwana from variations in a thermal lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary model for the South American and African passive margins.
An article in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research explores the stratigraphy of eruptive deposits from Corbetti Caldera, Ethiopia, to gain insights into the eruption frequency and hazard.
An article in Molecular Ecology describes the factors shaping microbial eukaryotic populations and their role in the carbon cycle at deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
Feedbacks between chemical, physical, and biological processes at rift zones evolve through various time (seconds to 107 yrs) and spatial (microns to 106 m) scales. Consideration of these scales is needed to tap rift energy, water, and mineral resources safely and equitably while preserving biodiversity in these changing settings.
Drilling into the uppermost mantle through a complete section of intact ocean crust, formed at a fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge, would liberate fundamental knowledge into Earth processes. The activities and achievement will also inspire future generations of geoscientists, who are essential to adapt to climate change and deliver the energy transition.
International researchers flock to study the East African Rift, but local researchers and monitoring facilities are often overlooked. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment speaks to Atalay Ayele, Head of the seismology unit at the Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, about the challenges and potential of local seismic monitoring at the East African Rift.