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Harnik and Buchauer et al. identify spatial discordances between enterocyte mRNA and protein levels along the villi of the small intestine, and provide a spatial blueprint of proteins in the intestinal epithelium.
Delta-valerobetaine is a microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with obesity-related phenotypes in humans, and exacerbates diet-induced obesity in mice.
Tanycytic insulin receptors allow insulin access to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and are relevant for driving AgRP neuronal activity in response to feeding.
Using a model of time-restricted feeding in mice, Levine et al. show that the hepatic NADH cycle links nutrient state to whole-body energetics through the rhythmic regulation of SIRT1.
Ding et al. report a mechanism that allows cells to sense cellular fatty acid levels and adjust lipolysis as needed, which involves peroxisomal degradation of fatty acids, production of reactive oxygen species and post-translational regulation of adipose triglyceride lipase.
Bean et al. provide evidence showing that the mitochondrial cristae biogenesis protein Opa1 facilitates cell-autonomous white to brown/beige adipocyte conversion, through a process dependent on the urea cycle.
The polyphenol procyanidin C1, a compound found in grape seeds, possesses senomorphic or senolytic activity and is shown to extend the healthspan and survival of old mice and in various models of senescence-associated disability.
Liver and adipose tissue are shown to use different metabolic routes to generate NADPH for de novo lipogenesis, with the liver relying on a unique cytosolic serine catabolic pathway involving the enzyme SHMT1.
Sullivan and Darnell et al. show that conversion of 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate by the enzyme methionine synthase is required for tumour growth under physiological folate conditions.
Ghergurovich, Xu and Wang et al. show that methionine synthase is important for tumour cell survival through the generation of tetrahydrofolate rather than methionine.
Petite yeast cells lack the mitochondrial genome, which impairs growth. Vowinckel et al. identify the causes behind this growth impairment, linked to amino acid deficiencies that result from iron metabolism defects and an inhibited tricarboxylic cycle.
Slit3 is shown to be secreted from M2-like macrophages resident in adipose tissue, where it enables cold adaptation by stimulating norepinephrine release from sympathetic neurons.
The aberrant production of collagen by fibroblasts influences cancer progression. TCA cycle anaplerosis determines collagen production through pyruvate carboxylase, which could be targeted to inhibit tumour desmoplasia.
Regulation of lipid metabolism by Hedgehog signalling is found to be mediated by a long non-coding RNA, named Hilnc, which can enhance Pparγ mRNA stability via the mRNA-binding protein IGF2BP2, and thereby affect obesity and liver steatosis.
Chella Krishnan et al. demonstrate sex-specific regulation of adipose tissue mitochondrial function that contributes to sex differences in susceptibility to metabolic syndrome traits.
Milbank et al. show that specific targeting of AMPKα1 in SF1 neurons of the VMH through systemic injection of small extracellular vesicles causes weight loss via increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.
Ma et al. find that PHGDH, which catalyses serine metabolism in the cytoplasm, transits to the nucleus during nutrient stress, where it promotes cell growth and tumorigenesis.