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Applying functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning in intergroup conflict, the authors provide evidence that leaders and followers show behavioural synchronization, as well as neural synchronization in the prefrontal cortex.
A systematic review examines the happiness-promoting strategies most commonly recommended in the media. This review suggests that the scientific evidence underlying some of these strategies, such as physical exercise, is weak.
Using modelling and experimental data, the authors provide evidence that risk aversion may arise from relative underestimation of larger monetary payoffs, a perceptual bias rooted in the noisy logarithmic coding of numerical magnitudes.
Angelo Fasce et al. conducted a systematic literature review and applied natural language processing methods to develop a taxonomy that relates anti-vaccination arguments to their psychological roots.
Can human-aware artificial intelligence help accelerate science? In this article, the authors incorporate the distribution of human expertise by training unsupervised models on simulated inferences cognitively accessible to experts and show that this substantially improves the models’ predictions of future discoveries, but also enables AI to generate high-value alternatives that complement human discoveries.
In 451,233 Chinese adults, Sun et al. find that five aspects of a healthy lifestyle are together associated with longer total life expectancy and a larger proportion of remaining years lived without major non-communicable diseases.
The authors used Mendelian randomization to investigate how various dimensions of socio-economic status causally affect longevity. They found a positive independent causal effect of education on longevity but no evidence for independent effects from income or occupation.
The authors show that social hierarchies have a pyramidal structure across species. From infancy, humans use this assumption to infer unobserved dominance relations.
Across 16 countries, this research finds consistent cognitive and social predictors of COVID-19 misinformation susceptibility, and shows how accuracy prompts and literacy tips reduce misinformation sharing and how wisdom of crowds can identify false claims cross-culturally.
A study in 36,516 parents across six international cohorts reveals that parental genetic effects are associated with the investments that parents make in their offspring, from adopting more healthy behaviours during pregnancy to leaving wealth to adult children.
Mignogna et al. analysed item nonresponse behaviour across 109 questionnaire items from 360,628 individuals in the UK Biobank using phenotypic and genetic data. This can inform our understanding of how item nonresponse might lead to bias in genetic studies more generally.
Using data from the UK Biobank, the authors show that large-scale neuroimaging data are required for replicable brain–phenotype associations, that this can be mitigated by preselection of individuals and that small-scale studies may have reported false positive findings.
Hindley et al. used multivariate statistical genetics tools to examine the genetic underpinnings of cognitive and personality traits and find they are shared across higher order domains of mental functioning.
A new estimate of the income distribution in the Aztec Empire on the eve of the Spanish conquest suggests that inequality was high before the arrival of the Europeans: the richest 1% held 41.8% of the total income.
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 prospective cohort studies, Wang et al. find a significant association of both social isolation and loneliness with increased risk of all-cause mortality.