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Norman-Haignere et al. present a general method for estimating neural integration windows. Applied to human intracranial recordings, the method reveals how human auditory cortex integrates across the multiscale temporal structure of natural sounds.
Obloj and Zenger use data on US academic salaries to find that pay transparency decreases inequity (including gender pay gaps) and pay inequality, and also reduces the relationship between pay and performance.
What do people mean when they say their lives are meaningful? Hicks and colleagues suggest that experiential appreciation, or valuing and appreciating one’s experiences, represents a unique pathway to the subjective feeling that life is meaningful.
Across 24 countries, Hoogeveen et al. found that gobbledegook coming from a scientist was considered more credible than when coming from a spiritual guru. This ‘Einstein effect’ was less pronounced for religious individuals.
Using survey and internet browsing data and expert ratings, Bhadani et al. find that incorporating partisan audience diversity into algorithmic rankings of news websites increases the trustworthiness of the sites they recommend and maintains relevance.
How do we build visual memories from a single viewing? Hedayati et al. present a deep learning model that provides a knowledge scaffold from which memory traces are extracted, storing features on the basis of requirements and compressing familiar visual forms.
Unseen contents associated with null perceptual sensitivity can be reliably decoded from brain activity in higher-order areas in single human observers. This result was reproduced in deep artificial neural networks performing a similar visual task.
Experiments in the United States, Great Britain and Canada show that fact-checks can reduce belief in misperceptions about COVID-19, especially among the groups who are most vulnerable to these claims. However, these effects do not persist over time.
Using data-driven mathematical modelling that combines viral evolution with epidemiological dynamics, Ye et al. show that COVID-19 vaccine inequity leads to the emergence of new variants and new waves of the pandemic, while equitable allocation of vaccine doses reduces case counts and fatalities in all countries.
Ciranka, Linde-Domingo et al. show that inference of transitive orderings from pairwise relations benefits from a seemingly biased learning strategy, where observers update their belief about one of the pair members but not the other.
Francl and McDermott use deep neural networks to reveal the behavioural phenotype of systems optimized for tasks in simulated environments, showing that many characteristics of human sound localization are adapted to real-world environments.
Koops et al. ran four field experiments in Guinea and found that chimpanzees did not independently (re-)innovate nut cracking. Their null results are consistent with the hypothesis that chimpanzee nut cracking is a product of social learning.
Draschkow et al. test working memory in virtual reality following self-movement and find that multiple representations of spatial environment are used to maintain and select visual contents in working memory.
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 studies, covering a sample of 116,999 individuals across 22 countries, McGuire et al. find that cash transfers improve the subjective well-being and mental health of recipients in low- and middle-income countries.
Adolescents in Norway reported more depressive symptoms and less optimism during the COVID-19 pandemic, while alcohol and cannabis use decreased. Girls, younger individuals and those from low socio-economic backgrounds showed more adverse changes.
In two audit experiments with politicians and students, and an online experiment, Kirgios et al. show that women and racial/ethnic minorities seeking help are more likely to receive support when they explicitly mention their marginalized demographic identity.
What neural computations underlie the human sense of confidence? Geurts et al. show that subjective confidence is based on a probability distribution represented in cortical activity.
Serino et al. studied the sense of agency for actions generated via a brain–machine interface. They show that primary motor cortex encodes not only motor and sensory signals, but also subjective agency signals, enabling improved brain–machine interface proficiency.
Across 26 countries, Imhoff et al. find that conspiracy mentality is more prevalent at both ends of the political spectrum than the centre. This U-shaped pattern is accentuated for supporters of political parties not in government, particularly on the political right.
Skies of Manawak, a video game designed to train attentional control and executive processes, is associated with better reading skills in 8- to 12-year-old children that are maintained 6 months later and higher school grades 12–18 months later.