Perspectives

The Perspective explores the future design of lifelong learning artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators that are intended for deployment in untethered environments, identifying key desirable capabilities for such edge AI accelerators and guidance on metrics to evaluate them.

This Perspective explores the development of metal halide perovskite transistors, examining the properties of halide perovskites and key perovskite transistors, and considering the challenges that exist in developing next-generation electronics and circuits using these devices.

This Perspective explores the potential of directly mapping computational problems in machine learning to materials and device properties, and proposes metrics to facilitate comparisons between different solutions to machine learning tasks.

This Perspective explores the use of flexible electronics in the development of brain–computer interfaces, considering their potential impact on neuroscience, neuroprosthetic control, bioelectronic medicine, and brain and machine intelligence integration.

This Perspective explores the potential of large-area electronics in wirelessly powered sensor nodes for the Internet of Things, considering low-power circuits for digital processing and signal amplification, as well as diodes and printed antennas for data communication and radiofrequency energy harvesting.

This Perspective examines the challenges involved in assessing the operation and performance of field-effect transistors based on emerging materials, and provides guidelines for the consistent reporting and benchmarking of the devices.

This Perspective examines the limitations of ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) used in fifth-generation (5G) communication systems and proposes key research directions for the next generation of URLLC, termed extreme ultra-reliable and low-latency communication.

This Perspective examines the development of integrated circuits based on layered two-dimensional materials, exploring where they are likely to first find commercial use and considers the challenges than need to be addressed to create highly scaled circuits.

This Perspective explores the potential of an approach to neuromorphic electronics in which the functional synaptic connectivity map of a mammalian neuronal network is copied using a silicon neuro-electronic interface and then pasted onto a high-density three-dimensional network of solid-state memories.

This Perspective assesses the performance limits of hexagonal boron nitride when used as a gate insulator in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) devices based on two-dimensional materials, concluding that due to excessive leakage currents, the material is unlikely to be suitable for use in ultrascaled CMOS devices.

This Perspective examines the concept of near-senor and in-sensor computing in which computation tasks are moved partly to the sensory terminals, exploring the challenges facing the field and providing possible solutions for the hardware implementation of integrated sensing and processing units using advanced manufacturing technologies.

This Perspective examines the use of ferroelectric field-effect transistor technologies in current embedded non-volatile memory applications and future in-memory, biomimetic and alternative computing models, arguing that the devices will be a key component in the development of data-centric computing.

This Perspective examines the relationship between hardware platforms and the competency awareness of a neural network, highlighting how hardware developments can impact uncertainty estimation quality, and exploring the innovations required in order to build competency-aware neural networks in resource constrained hardware platforms.

This Perspective provides a vision for sixth generation (6G) communications in which human-centric mobile communications are considered the most important application, and high security, secrecy and privacy are its key features.

This Perspective explores the potential of carbon nanotube electronics, examining the development of nanotube-based field-effect transistors and integrated circuits, and the challenges that exist in delivering large-scale systems.

This Perspective explores the development of solution-processable van der Waals thin films, examining their potential for application in large-area wearable electronics and the challenges that exist in delivering practical devices.

This Perspective examines key ethical challenges of ingestible electronic sensors, which are related to patients, physicians, and society more generally, and provides a comparative analysis of legal regulation of the sensors in the US and Europe.

This Perspective examines the potential role of conductive atomic force microscopy in the development of nanoelectronics, exploring possible characterization strategies, enhanced electronics for the technique and improved multiprobe approaches.

This Perspective argues that electronics is poised to enter a new era of scaling – hyper-scaling – driven by advances in beyond-Boltzmann transistors, embedded non-volatile memories, monolithic three-dimensional integration, and heterogeneous integration techniques.

This Perspective highlights the existence of gaps between the computational complexity and energy efficiency required for the continued scaling of deep neural networks and the hardware capacity actually available with current CMOS technology scaling, in situations where edge inference is required; it then discusses various architecture and algorithm innovations that could help to bridge these gaps.