The landscape of potential hills and valleys in the Universe can be discerned by the motion of galaxies towards mass concentrations and away from voids. Space can be segmented into ‘basins of attraction’, which are now mapped with the aid of 56,000 galaxy velocities.

A void tens of metres in size below the Mare Tranquillitatis pit on the Moon is revealed by radar images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. This finding implies that lava tubes or conduits are possibly common below lunar maria.

An Earth-mass planet is found to have a white dwarf host—the final evolutionary stage of Sun-like stars. This system suggests that terrestrial planets in Earth-like orbits may avoid being engulfed during the red-giant phases of their host stars.

Evidence is found for a distant galaxy growing inside-out within the first 700 million years of the Universe. The galaxy has a dense central core comparable in mass density to local massive ellipticals, and an extended star-forming disc.

The Milky Way contains an extremely long-lived stellar disk component that formed, according to this study, more than 13 billion years ago. Such longevity is due to the exceptionally quiescent dynamical history of the Galaxy.

JWST observations of outflows from four young stars reveal in each case a molecular wind with a central cavity surrounding a fast jet. These results point to disk winds driving accretion, with implications for planet formation and evolution.

Beneath the superficial diversity and complexity of galaxy morphology in our local Universe, galaxies show underlying simplicity and have universally bimodal distributions of normalized specific angular momentum of stars, revealed by MaNGA observations.

The landscape of potential hills and valleys in the Universe can be discerned by the motion of galaxies towards mass concentrations and away from voids. Space can be segmented into ‘basins of attraction’, which are now mapped with the aid of 56,000 galaxy velocities.

The differences between the estimated and measured organic matter abundances of asteroid Ryugu may result from variations in the superficial organic matter distribution, porosity of the asteroid’s surface or the observation geometries used in such studies.

In hyperarid environments, life can obtain water through salts that draw moisture from the atmosphere. These salts, then, should be a focus of searches for life on Mars. The experiments performed by NASA’s Viking landers may have accidentally killed Martian life by applying too much water.

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