Advanced age is a primary risk factor for female infertility due to declining oocyte quantity and quality. Here Yu Zhang et al. report that supplementation with spermidine rejuvenates the quality of oocytes from aged mice at least in part by enhancing mitophagy and mitochondrial function.

Change in intercellular communication is an important but poorly characterized hallmark of aging. Here the authors provide a bioinformatics tool to infer changes in cell–cell signaling and an atlas of age-related communication changes in 23 mouse tissues.

Ye et al. characterize the cardioprotective effect of SIRT2 in primates and reveal an important role for the SIRT2–STAT3–CDKN2B regulatory axis in primate cardiac aging, improving understanding of the epigenetic mechanism governing cardiac aging.

Given the unique requirements of older adults, age-friendly product design is becoming increasingly important to promote independence and enhance quality of life. The Global Centre for Modern Ageing calls for a comprehensive, standardized and evidence-based assessment process to incorporate the perspectives of older adults into the design process.

Multiple lines of research show that NAD⁺ has an important role in ovarian aging; however, the role of NAD⁺ consumption during ovarian aging is incompletely understood. Here the authors study the role of the NADase CD38 to show that CD38 expression increases and NAD⁺ levels decrease with age in mice, and that CD38 deletion ameliorates ovarian aging.

To analyze neuronal aging in Huntington’s disease, Lee et al. perform direct neuronal reprogramming of longitudinally aged human fibroblasts, uncovering RCAN1 as a therapeutic target to promote neuronal resilience through chromatin reconfiguration.

Stitching together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, Mendelson Cohen et al. use machine learning to untangle healthy aging from chronic disease, identifying markers of healthy aging and analyzing the heritability of longevity.

Using C. elegans, Oleson et al. demonstrate that developmental exposure to reactive oxygen species protects against amyloid toxicity later in life, mediated by disruption of the H3K4me3 epigenetic machinery through HSF-1-dependent shifts in lipid metabolism.

DNA methylation rates correlate with maximum lifespan in mammals, but a precise relationship had not been defined. Here Crofts et al. develop a statistical framework to compare methylation rates at conserved age-related sites and find that methylation rates negatively scale with maximum lifespan in 42 mammalian species.

The authors present the results of a phase 2 study of gosuranemab, a monoclonal antibody targeting N-terminal tau, in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease. Gosuranemab was safe and well tolerated, but the clinical efficacy endpoint was not met.

China faces urgent challenges associated with population aging. In this Comment, we summarize China’s adoption of long-term care insurance and underscore its importance for social and economic wellbeing. We provide recommendations for a future of sustainable and healthy aging in China.