Ryan and colleagues present multi-tissue, multi-omics, longitudinal datasets from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial of caloric restriction in humans, providing a powerful resource for translational geroscience.

Using mouse and human plasma, Carver et al. identify factors that are altered with age and test which are reverted by a panel of genetic and pharmacological senolytic interventions in aged mice. They identify IL-23R as a senescence-associated, age-increased circulating biomarker.

Using proteomics and imaging data from UK Biobank, the authors identified multiple circulating proteins associated with brain aging and discovered undulating age-related changes in the plasma proteome, with peaks occurring at 57, 70 and 78 years of age.

Using small RNA sequencing data from aged human brain tissue, Vattathil, Gerasimov et al. uncovered genetic variants that influence microRNA (miRNA) expression and, by integrating genome-wide association study data, identified miRNAs linked to the etiology of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.

Exploiting the selective accumulation of lipofuscin in senescent cells, the authors developed a targeted senolytic platform. As proof of concept, they show that selective delivery of dasatinib elicits senolysis with minimal toxicity, in vitro, in organoids and in mice.

This study identifies a novel immune checkpoint in senescent cells that is linked to the ganglioside GD3 and that contributes to the evasion of immune clearance by these cells and to aging and age-related diseases.

The authors find that structural economic inequality is linked to reduced brain volume and connectivity in middle-aged and older adults across the Americas, more so in Alzheimer’s disease than in frontotemporal dementia. The findings emphasize the biological embedding of inequality in aging and dementia.

The authors score and rank the adaptation to societal aging across 143 countries using a newly developed index called the Global Aging Society Index, which may be helpful to identify targets for the development of policies and programs to enhance the likelihood that older people will age successfully.

Intrinsic capacity includes a person’s mental and physical capacities. The authors examined cohort trends in intrinsic capacity in two large English and Chinese studies. They report that more recently born participants entered older ages with markedly higher levels of functioning, while subsequent age-related declines were somewhat delayed.

Ryan and colleagues present multi-tissue, multi-omics, longitudinal datasets from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial of caloric restriction in humans, providing a powerful resource for translational geroscience.

Geriatric day hospitals were originally set up to provide rehabilitation and social care for older adults. Román Romero-Ortuño highlights how in Ireland, geriatric day hospitals have evolved into hubs for integrated care, which prevents avoidable hospital admissions and promotes independence for older adults.

Although the emerging field of geroscience holds great promise for identifying new approaches to improve healthspan, several risks of the current framework are underappreciated. Long time horizons, challenges in identifying causality-driven surrogate biomarkers of aging, and the potential for biological trade-offs and antagonistic effects across various timescales mean it will be hard to know when such interventions have a net benefit. We propose eight strategies to mitigate these risks going forwards.

Reproductive aging is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of fertility span and overall health and wellbeing in older age. In this Focus issue, Nature Aging presents a series of reviews and opinion pieces on recent advances in reproductive aging research.

Reproductive health is fundamentally connected with overall health. The Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality discusses an innovative approach to healthy longevity that is tailored uniquely to individual patterns of aging, which will require reproductive medicine, biological aging research and public engagement to join forces.

A satisfying sex life is a key component of health and well-being for many older women. However, there is insufficient awareness of and care for women’s sexual health. This Comment discusses steps healthcare providers can take to support women’s sexual health across the lifespan, which should be a top priority.

As fertility rates decline and childbearing age increases globally, assisted reproductive technology (ART) has a crucial role in enhancing birth rates and will contribute substantially to future generations. ART has fulfilled family formation wishes for many individuals facing infertility and aids in solving demographic challenges. Today, up to 9% of the European population is conceived after ART. Considerable advancements in ARTs have improved the effectiveness of treatment, but the ultimate quality control in ART is healthy offspring. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to monitor the health of individuals conceived through ART, and ensure that ART not only provides for the birth of healthy children but also for health into old age.