Cover images show immunofluorescence staining of the striatum (sagittal section) of D1-GFP mice at postnatal day 8. D1 receptor-expressing neurons (green) form patch-like structures colocalizing with the glutamatergic afferent islands delineated by intense vGlut1 (red) staining, supporting the idea that D1 neurons play a driver role in early postnatal striatal development. Schizophrenia-associated VIPR2 CNV derails the striatal developmental trajectory to manifest dopamine abnormality, cognitive, and social behavioral deficits in a novel conditional BAC transgenic mouse model. For more information, please refer to the article by Tian et al. on pages 1884-1901.

Axons expressing independently excitable opsins innervate retrovirally labeled granule neurons in the dentate gyrus of a 23-day-old Ptenflx/flx mouse. Perforant path axons expressing Chronos-GFP (green) fill the outer two-thirds of the molecular layer, while the axons of contralateral mossy cells expressing Chrimson-tdTomato (red) reside in the inner third of the molecular layer. Retrovirally labeled Pten knockout (red) and control (green) granule neurons receive input from both afferent populations. Independent excitation of the two pathways enables measurement of the relative proportions of input arising from each afferent onto a single granule neuron. Immature (16-day-old) wild-type neurons have highly variable inputs with an increased proportion arising from the perforant path. Immature Pten knockout neurons receive increased input from both pathways, in a ratio similar to mature wild-type neurons. This experiment supports the interpretation that Pten loss results in promiscuous excitatory synapse formation. For more information, see the article by Skelton et al. on pages 1627-1640.

Immunostaining of dendrite (green) and GluD1 (red) in hippocampal slice cultures. T923A mutation (bottom panel) of GluD1 significantly reduced GluD1 synaptic targeting. For more information, please refer to the article by Tao et al. on pages 1451-1460.

In situ hybridization showing co-expression of Vgat (green), Vglut2 (red), and Sst (blue) in single GPi neurons (left side) compared to LHA Vglut2 neurons (right side). For more information, please refer to the article by Lazaridis et al. on pages 1351-1368.

Normal (left) and delayed (right) cortical neuron migration in TCF4Het mice at P7 (in utero electroporated GFP at E15). For more information, please refer to the article by Li et al. on pages 1235-1246.

Histological image of the shRNA-CASK and a CASK deletion mutant co-transfected neurons in the somatosensory cortex of the mouse. In utero electroporation with td-Tomato (Red) and HA-tagged CASK lacking PDZ domain expression vectors was performed at E15.5 of mouse embryos and labeled pyramidal neurons in layer 2/3 of the somatosensory cortex. HA-CASK expressing neurons were visualized by the immunohistochemistry against HA tag (Green). Cortical cells were counterstained with DAPI (Blue). For more information, see the article by Mori et al. on pages 1079-1092.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of male mouse visual cortex (V1b) for Pvalb (magenta) and grin2a (cyan) mRNA coding for inhibitory interneuron marker parvalbumin and NMDA receptor 2A subunit, respectively. Nuclei are labeled with DAPI (grey). For more information see the article by Picard et al. on pages 828-838.

Fate-mapping of SERT-positive-neurons (EGFP, green) in the medial prefrontal cortex of the developing mouse brain. SERT+ glutamatergic neurons express markers of layer 5 (Ctip2, red, arrowheads) and layer 6 (Foxp2, blue, white arrow) or both layer markers (yellow arrow). For more information, please refer to the article by Soiza-Reilly et al. on pages 726-745.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells and their neural derivatives. For details, see the article by Jiang et al. on pages 613-624

Constitutive absence of the network driver TYROBP in an amyloidosis mouse model prevented appearance of clinical phenotype despite unchanged amyloid deposits and decreased microglia clustering around amyloid plaques. Images of 6E10-immunoreactive plaques (red) and Iba1-immunostained microglia (green) in prefrontal cortices of APP/PSEN1 (upper panel) and APP/PSEN1;Tyrobp(-/-) (lower panel) mice. For more information see the article by Haure-Mirande et al. on pages 431-446.

Chromosome 16p13.11 microduplication affects proliferation of patient-derived neuronal precursor cells. Cover image showing monolayer cultures of anterior neuronal precursor cells from an affected carrier of Chr16p13.11 microduplication (right panel) next to those from an unaffected non-carrier control subject (left panel) displaying characteristic rosette-like patterning showing uniform NESTIN expression (red) and mosaic OTX2 expression (green). The cells' nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue).

Immunofluorescent labeling of surface (red) and intracellular (green) HA-neuroligin-3 protein in HeLa cells (untreated; top panels) and following the addition of PMA (200 nM for 30 minutes; bottom panel). The activation of PKC dramatically reduces surface neuroligin-3 levels. DAPI was used to label cell nuclei (blue).