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Genetic susceptibility to substance dependence

Molecular Psychiatry volume 10, pages 336–344 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

Despite what is often believed, the majority of those who experiment with substances with a dependence potential do not develop dependence. However, there is a subpopulation of users that easily becomes dependent on substances, and these individuals exhibit pre-existing comorbid traits, including novelty seeking and antisocial behavior. There appears to be a genetic basis for the susceptibility to dependence and these comorbid traits. Animal studies have identified specific genes that can alter susceptibility to dependence and response to novelty. The mechanisms underlying the genetic susceptibility to dependence and response to novelty are complex, but genetic susceptibility plays a significant role in the transition from substance use to dependence and from chronic use to addiction. We discuss two models to explain how genetic variations alter dependence susceptibility. Identification of the specific genes involved in these processes would help to identify individuals that are vulnerable to dependence/addiction and to devise novel treatment strategies.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the NIDA (R01DA13232) and by funds from the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Dr T Byram Karasu and Dr Donald Faber); by funds from the Program in Human Genetics/Howard Hughes Funds, Albert Einstein College of Medicine to NH; and by funds from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center to SA. This article is dedicated to T Klein.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    N Hiroi & S Agatsuma

  2. Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    N Hiroi

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Hiroi, N., Agatsuma, S. Genetic susceptibility to substance dependence. Mol Psychiatry 10, 336–344 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001622

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