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Current models of human fear learning processes emphasize a primary contribution of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to fear inhibition (i.e., fear extinction). Here, we discuss crucial findings from recent brain imaging studies that highlight the role of vmPFC and its subregions in how fear is acquired (i.e., fear conditioning).
A three-dimensional graphic design representation of the potential role of meningeal vessels in Alzheimer disease. Although there are major differences between APOE4(+) and APOE4(−) Alzheimer disease cases (described in detail in the Comment article by Mentis and colleagues), the figure depicts the clearance of macromolecules and other solutes from meningeal lymphatic vessels. Cover image: Ella Maru Studio.