Data processing and learning has become a spearhead for the advancement of medicine. Computational pathology is burgeoning subspecialty that promises a better-integrated solution to whole-slide images, multi-omics data and clinical informatics as innovative approach for patient care. This review describes clinical perspectives and discusses the statistical methods, clinical applications, potential obstacles, and future directions of computational pathology.

Serotonin (5-HT) is an important mediator of tissue edema and inflammation. The authors used mouse models and cell-based signaling assays to provide greater understanding of the mechanisms involved. They demonstrate that effects of 5-HT are mediated through the 5-HT_2A receptor and involve activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel TRPV4 and neuropeptide release.

Using a mouse model of fatty liver and correlation with histopathologic and biochemical parameters, the authors show that hepatic steatosis can be accurately assessed by surface color spectrophotometry using a portable, commercially available, hand-held spectrophotometer device. This technique could be useful in the setting of organ procurement.

The m6A modification level of LncRNA FENDRR is elevated in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) cells and the abundant m6A modification promotes FENDRR degradation via recruiting the m6A binding protein YTHDF2. Subsequently, the downregulation of FENDRR resulted in the accumulation of SOX4 protein, thus boosting the proliferation of EEC cells.

MicroRNA-432-5p expression in osteosarcoma cells regulates sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis by targeting PDGFB genes. MicroRNA-432-5p/PDGFB signaling can be targeted to treat angiogenesis in osteosarcoma along with other strategies which will further strengthen the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy.

Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a natural nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) precursor, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by activating sirtuin 1 in alcohol-stimulated macrophages. Also, NR counteracts hypoxia-induced factor 1α-induced metabolic reprogramming favoring lactate formation. The effects of NR are likely attributable to the replenishment of the cellular NAD⁺ pool depleted by metabolizing ethanol.

EPHB2 deficiency in prostate cancer cells leads to alterations of the triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis pathway involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis. These changes initiate de novo cytoplasmic and intranuclear lipid droplets accumulation associated with increased proliferative capacity. Targeting the TAG pathway molecule DGAT1 diminishes the deleterious effects exerted by EPHB2 silencing.

The long non-coding RNA UCC acts as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-143-3p and upregulates SOX5 by absorbing miR-143-3p, resulting in proliferation and migration of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. UCC enhances carcinogenesis of NSCLC cells via the miR-143-3p/SOX5 axis, which may function as a novel target for NSCLC treatment.

Tenascin X-deficient mice exhibit impaired epithelial closure with accelerated infiltration of neutrophils into the tissue and an increased oxidative stress, when compared to wild-type mice. The impairment of epithelial healing in tenascin X-deficient mice was rescued by targeting neutrophil circulation and reducing reactive oxygen species using a chemical scavenger.