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Clinical Studies and Practice

Satiety and energy intake after single and repeated exposure to gel-forming dietary fiber: post-ingestive effects

International Journal of Obesity volume 38, pages 794–800 (2014)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background:

Viscous or gel-forming dietary fibers can increase satiety by a more firm texture and increased eating time. Effects of viscous or gel-forming fibers on satiety by post-ingestive mechanisms such as gastric emptying, hormonal signals, nutrient absorption or fermentation are unclear. Moreover, it is unclear whether the effects persist after repeated exposure.

Objective:

To investigate satiety and energy intake after single and repeated exposure to gelled fiber by post-ingestive mechanisms.

Design:

In a two-arm crossover design, 32 subjects (24 female subjects, 21±2 y, BMI 21.8±1.9 kg m−2) consumed test foods once daily for 15 consecutive days, with 2 weeks of washout. Test foods were isocaloric (0.5 MJ, 200 g) with either 10 g gel-forming pectin or 3 g gelatin and 2 g starch, matched for texture and eating time. Hourly satiety ratings, ad libitum energy intake and body weight were measured on days 1 (single exposure) and 15 (repeated exposure). In addition, hourly breath hydrogen, fasting glucose, insulin, leptin and short-chain fatty acids were measured.

Results:

Subjects rated hunger, desire to eat and prospective intake about 2% lower (P<0.015) and fullness higher (+1.4%; P=0.041) when they received pectin compared with control. This difference was similar after single and repeated exposure (P>0.64). After receiving pectin, energy intake was lower (−5.6%, P=0.012) and breath hydrogen was elevated (+12.6%, P=0.008) after single exposure, but not after repeated exposure. Fasting glucose concentrations were higher both after single and repeated exposure to pectin (+2.1%, P=0.019). Body weight and concentrations of insulin, leptin and short-chain fatty acids did not change during the study.

Conclusions:

Gelled pectin can increase satiety and reduce energy intake by post-ingestive mechanisms. Although the effects were small, the effects on satiety were consistent over time, whereas the effects on energy intake reduction were not.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Lydia van Es, Matty Karsten, Annemieke Janszen and Roxanne van Oeveren for their assistance; Melliana Jonathan and Henk Schols for their advice; and Jacques Vervoort, Anita Bruggink-Hoopman, Nhien Ly, Marja Kanning and Peter de Gijsel for their technical support. This work was funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation (project KB-05-009-003).

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  1. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    A J Wanders, M Mars, K J Borgonjen-van den Berg, C de Graaf & E J M Feskens

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  1. A J Wanders
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Correspondence to A J Wanders.

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Wanders, A., Mars, M., Borgonjen-van den Berg, K. et al. Satiety and energy intake after single and repeated exposure to gel-forming dietary fiber: post-ingestive effects. Int J Obes 38, 794–800 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2013.176

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