Higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements during rest, peak-exercise, and recovery phases of exercise stress testing were independently associated with future risk of developing new-onset atrial fibrillation. The predictive ability of blood pressure was retained after adjustment to measures of exercise capacity, CHA2DS2VASc score, and baseline diagnosis of hypertension.

Hypertension shows a direct and indirect association with all stroke subtypes; the strongest association is observed between hypertension and SVD (which predisposes to LI and ICH), a modest association is observed with LAA, and an indirect association with NVAF and the development and enlargement of cerebral aneurysms. Direct and indirect association between hypertension and etiology of all stroke subtypes would underline the closest association between stroke and hypertension among vascular risk factors and explain the importance of blood pressure management for secondary stroke prevention.

Possible pharmacological perspectives of aldosterone breakthrough. 11βHSD, 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; ACE-i, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AGT, angiotensinogen; Aldo, aldosterone; Ang I, angiotensin I; Ang II, angiotensin II; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; AT1R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; CYP11B2, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2; K⁺, potassium ion; MR, mineralocorticoid receptor; RAAS, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system; R-i, renin inhibitor.

We recruited 3051 participants without hypertension and heart diseases for two consecutive years. Participants in the highest quartile of annual changes in daily salt intake showed the largest annual changes in plasma BNP. We concluded that annual changes in plasma BNP indicated a significant positive association with daily salt intake.

The very short-term beat-by-beat BPV in the supine position at rest correlates well with nocturnal BPV assessed by ABPM but did not correlate with daytime BPV. Differences in the daytime and nocturnal activity levels may have influenced the difference in association with BPV in the very short resting supine position.