Figures, tables and video
From the following article
Physiology of esophageal motility
Hiroshi Mashimo and Raj K. Goyal
GI Motility online (2006)
doi:10.1038/gimo3
Figure 2
Anatomic radiographic landmarks of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
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Figure 5
Parallel inhibitory and excitatory innervation of the esophageal smooth muscle.
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Figure 6
Simultaneous manometry and fluoroscopy of barium swallow in a normal subject.
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Figure 7
Demonstration of deglutitive inhibition in human esophagus.
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Figure 8
Diagramatic representation of manometric tracing demonstrating deglutitive inhibition.
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Figure 10
Central control of peristalsis in the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus.
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Figure 11
Gradient of cholinergic excitatory and noncholinergic inhibitory nerves in the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus.
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Figure 12
Three mechanisms involved in the regulation of basal LES tone.
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Figure 13
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation is lost in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-deficient mice.
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Figure 14
Neural circuit for transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR) elicited by stimulation of subdiaphragmatic vagal afferents.
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