Table 1 - Factors important to the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
From the following article
Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Nicholas E. Diamant
GI Motility online (2006)
doi:10.1038/gimo21
Gastric acid and other refluxed materials (e.g., bile, pepsin, enzymes, others) |
Structural and physiologic antireflux mechanisms at the gastroesophageal junction (LES, diaphragm, hiatus hernia, phrenoesophageal ligament) |
Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESR) |
Esophageal clearance mechanisms (esophageal motility, gravity, salivary bicarbonate) |
Mucosal integrity and defense mechanisms |
Ingested irritants (e.g., nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, certain antibiotics) |
Ingested substances and drugs that affect esophageal, LES, or gastric motility (e.g. alcohol, medications) |
Sensory mechanisms |
Other (delayed gastric emptying, inflammation-esophagitis, genetics, psychobehavioral factors) |