Table 1 - Factors important to the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)


From the following article

Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Nicholas E. Diamant

GI Motility online (2006)

doi:10.1038/gimo21

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Gastric acid and other refluxed materials (e.g., bile, pepsin, enzymes, others)
Structural and physiologic antireflux mechanisms at the gastroesophageal junction (LES, diaphragm, hiatus hernia, phrenoesophageal ligament)
Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESR)
Esophageal clearance mechanisms (esophageal motility, gravity, salivary bicarbonate)
Mucosal integrity and defense mechanisms
Ingested irritants (e.g., nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, certain antibiotics)
Ingested substances and drugs that affect esophageal, LES, or gastric motility (e.g. alcohol, medications)
Sensory mechanisms
Other (delayed gastric emptying, inflammation-esophagitis, genetics, psychobehavioral factors)