Everyone is amazed by the endurance of long-haul flyers: but it is the short hops that cost birds the most energy, Henry Gee reports.
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References
Nudds,R. L. & Bryant, D. M. The energetic cost of short flights in birds, Journal of Experimental Biology 203, 1561 - 1572 2000.
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Gee, H. Short flight, high cost. Nature (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/news000518-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/news000518-1